Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia ( Australia and New Zealand ), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [56][57] The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbors the South American Plate, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands. [371] Milford Sound in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. The ancient Chamorro left a number of megalithic ruins, including Latte stone. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. The Kermadec Islands, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island are also considered to be subtropical islands. Oceania (UK: /osini, oi-, -en-/, US: /oini/ (listen), /-n-/)[5] is a geographical region that is described as a continent in some parts of the world. Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. In the politics of Papua New Guinea the Prime Minister is the head of government, and the head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, represented by a Governor-General. In the region the main urban agglomerations are Melbourne . Australia and New Zealand stand out in rugby. Subregions in Oceania. Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for scuba divers wishing to explore coral reefs of the South Pacific region. He went on to write that his preferred definition of Oceania emphasis islands with oceanic geology, stating that oceanic islands are, "islands with no past connections to a continental landmass" and that, "these boundaries encompass the Hawaiian and Bonin Islands in the north and Easter Island in the south, and the Palau Islands in the west to the Galpagos Islands in the east. Asia is the most populous continent by a massive margin as it has a population of nearly 3.5x of the second-most populous continent Africa. The United States also expanded into the Pacific, beginning with Baker Island and Howland Island in 1857, and with Hawaii becoming a U.S. territory in 1898. Countries of the World. This, with a great number of small islands in the neighbourhood, is regarded as forming a fourth continent known as Oceania.[35] Other studies from the early twentieth Century also described Oceania as a continent. Trends i. [89] His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." Koppers considered Oceania to encompass the entire 25,000 islands of the Pacific Ocean. Portuguese navigators, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Maluku Islands (by Antnio de Abreu and Francisco Serro in 1512), Timor, the Aru Islands (Martim A. Melo Coutinho), the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands (by Gomes de Sequeira in 1525), and west Papua New Guinea (by Jorge de Menezes in 1526). "[32] Scottish geographer John Bartholomew wrote in 1873 that, "the New World consists of North America, and the peninsula of South America attached to it. While in most of the English-speaking world Oceania is described as a geographical region, outside of the English-speaking world Oceania is described as one of the continents. Lista de correio - Ver mais. [387] New Zealand is identified as one of the world's most stable and well-governed states,[388][389] with high government transparency and among the lowest perceived levels of corruption.[390]. "Australia". The largest and most populous dependency is the French dependency of New Caledonia, which has a land area of 18,280 km 2, and a population of approximately 287,000. Fiji's Head of State is the President. They further include in this region Salas y Gmez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. Australia itself has a population of approximately 25.7 million, while New Zealand's population is close to 4.85 million. [373] Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. In 1842, Tahiti and Tahuata were declared a French protectorate, to allow Catholic missionaries to work undisturbed. 200 million. Prange, Gordon W., Goldstein, Donald, & Dillon, Katherine. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. [324] Furthermore, 36 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, with top countries being Italy, Lebanon, Vietnam and Iraq, among others. The notable exceptions, those islands more than 400 statute miles from any other, are: Clipperton Island, Easter Island, Salas y Gmez, Johnston Atoll, Norfolk Island, Marcus Island and Parece Vela. 75 million. [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. The Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua on the island of New Guinea are home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian birds, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. Oceania is the fictional totalitarian state that acts as the setting for the novel 1984 by George Orwell. "[102] In 1948, American military journal Armed Forces Talk broke the islands of the Pacific up into five major subdivisions; Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and the non-tropical Islands. However, the most popular usage excludes not only the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japanese archipelago but also islands that are historically closely related to the Asian mainland, such as Indonesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. [378][379] Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered centre-right and the Labor Party is considered centre-left. Mailing List - Vedi altro. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey. ), Gold Coast (theme parks such as Warner Bros. Movie World, Dreamworld and Sea World), Walls of Jerusalem National Park and Mount Field National Park in Tasmania, Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne, the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, The Twelve Apostles in Victoria, Uluru (Ayers Rock) and the Australian outback. [410], The cuisine of Hawaii is a fusion of many foods brought by immigrants to the Hawaiian Islands, including the earliest Polynesians and native Hawaiians, and American, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Polynesian, and Portuguese origins. The use and scope of this term varies. World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. The old categories have been in use since they were proposed in 1832 by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. Vocabulary. [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. Thus, Oceania most commonly refers to the land areas of the South and Central Pacific. [165] Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their French-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population. [323], Sydney is the most multicultural city in Oceania, having more than 250 different languages spoken with about 40% of residents speaking a language other than English at home. [182][183], The Bonin Islands are in the same biogeographical realm as the geographically adjacent Micronesia, and are often grouped in with the subregion because of this. [226], Australia and New Zealand became dominions in the 20th century, adopting the Statute of Westminster Act in 1942 and 1947 respectively. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2020. [272] Predominant bird species in the country include the Australian magpie, Australian raven, the pied currawong, crested pigeons and the laughing kookaburra. [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. version. A more popular and practical definition excludes Indonesia, East Malaysia (Borneo), the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and other islands closely related to the Asian mainland, as well as the Aleutians and the small island groups situated near the Americas. The islands of the North Pacific, such as the Aleutians and the Kuriles, usually are excluded. [358] The New Zealand dollar is the 10th-most traded currency in the world.[359]. Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. [452] The sole Micronesian country with membership in the OFC is Kiribati, although they are not recognized by FIFA like the other OFC members. In Whitely, David S.. [221], The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters,[222][223] was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. Oceania's land surface forms 6.4 per cent of that of the earth, although by the end of the second millennium its inhabitants numbered only 31 million or 0.5 per cent of the world's population.. Performs special/invasive radiology procedures on patients ensuring compliance with all radiation safety procedures: prepares patients for exam, explains procedure, administers contrast when necessary, positions patients for the exam, selects appropriate imaging techniques, and ensures technical quality of the images. [367], Tourism in Australia is an important component of the Australian economy. [273] The koala, emu, platypus and kangaroo are national animals of Australia,[274] and the Tasmanian devil is also one of the well-known animals in the country. Oceania is a region of migrants: there were an estimated 9.1 million migrants amongst the region's 41.8 million people as of mid-year 2020 ( UN DESA, 2020 ). 1.4 million); except Auckland, all cities are located in Australia. Omissions? With migrants comprising approximately 22 per cent of the population, the region far outstrips global averages. A minority percentage of the population practices traditional religions. However, Tyler included other Pacific islands in his book as well, such as the Aleutian Islands, the Bonin Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, California's Channel Islands and Farallon Islands, Canada's Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii), Chile's Chilo Island, Ecuador's Galpagos Islands, Mexico's Guadalupe Island, Revillagigedo Islands, San Benito Islands and Tres Maras Islands, and Peru's Chincha Islands. The plate contains an interior hot spot forming the Hawaiian Islands. [34] One study from 1884 describes Oceania as a continent, stating that South of the continent of Asia is found a large island nearly as large as the continent of Europe. [247] Desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. The Gilbert Islands (now known as Kiribati) and the Ellice Islands (now known as Tuvalu) came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century. [59], Islands at the geographic extremes of Oceania are generally considered to be the Bonin Islands, a politically integral part of Japan; Hawaii, a state of the United States; Clipperton Island, a possession of France; the Juan Fernndez Islands, belonging to Chile; and Macquarie Island, belonging to Australia. [411], New Zealand as a culture is a Western culture, which is influenced by the cultural input of the indigenous Mori and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the British colonisation of New Zealand. Geological forces such as tectonic uplift of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of Gondwana. Inhabitants of New Caledonia are French citizens and carry French passports. 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