The younger wife was beaten until she confessed. d. the Nupe were influenced by Christian missionaries at the time of Witchcraze in Europe, a. Nupe wives engage in activities that their husbands cannot control, The spread of AIDS in small-scale societies is often attributed to witchcraft and sorcery because: I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Azande witchcraft involves no rituals, spells or medicines. Azande extrapolate this concept as a linguistic metaphor -if a man gets trampled by an elephant, the Zande call the elephant the first spear and witchcraft the second spear. Witches are very different than sorcerers who use who can make people ill by performing magic through the use of bad medicines. Because he has a mechanism to control the situation, he uses it so that havoc doesn't ensue! A Shift in Azande Societal Norms At the time of Evans-Pritchard's study in the 1920s, British influence was present in Sudan. In small-scale societies witches differ from sorcerers in that witches kill by: One of the universal characteristics of witchcraft is that: The term witchcraft has several meanings. They are at the receiving end of someone else's jealousy, envy, or hatred. African Systems of Kinship & Marriage | Overview, Politics, & Summary, Summary of Death Without Weeping by Nancy Scheper-Hughes | Context, Analysis & Quotes. (1) first question is put to a lesser oracle and the second (confirmation) is only done with the poison oracle. t/f Euro-American witches in the 15th century obtained their evil power through contact with the Devil. \text{Totals} &\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & \$149,260 & \$149,260\\ But the significance of witchcraft is demonstrated in other ways. 11 December. It acts as a mechanism of male control and antagonism between the sexes, giving men a substantial advantage over women, which has a seriously degrading effect on women's position in society. Rather, their reaction to suspected witchcraft is indignation and consultation with an oracle to identify the witch. To the Azande, a witch uses witchcraft when he has hatred towards another person. \text { Consulting service revenue } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & & 60,000\\ He has two main functions. Typical consequences of witchcraft are crop failure, unsuccessful hunting, a house fire, a hunting accident, illness, and death. If you keep using the site, you accept our. The Azande are the most north-easterly people who have the notion of witchcraft as a material substance in the belly ; so also is their culture the north-easterly limit of the distribution of the particular type of poison oracle that they use. If a witch is male, then his child must be male in order to inherit witchcraft; likewise, if a witch is female, then her child must be female for witchcraft to be passed on to her child. -They then ask if this is the only witch or whether there are other witches. These beliefs affect every aspect of traditional Azande life. These were exhaustively chronicled in the 1937 book by noted British anthropologist E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1902-1973), Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic Among the Azande. t/f Witchcraft and the Azandes Perception of It. (usted) What ultimately determines whether a man lives or dies? P. Leis Evans-Pritchard's book Witch. Termite oracles and rubbing-board oracles were less reliable but more available. -It is a mechanism for explaining unfortunate events as well as regulating human conduct - Decline of WD practices, it has become more of a past time than a serious profession (2) Who is responsible for causing the man to get sick? Probably neither, certainly not mangu, has any real existence. - Ghosts are involved, Give an example of how Azande act experimentally within the framework of their mystical notions. How to Zande men utilize 'loopholes' in oracular consultation to get around doing something they don't want to do or visa versa? If kin are serious about exacting vengeance-magic who will they put forward as potential operators? A building may be known to have rotten support posts, but if the roof falls and kills someone underneath because the post broke, the fact that the roof fell on that particular person at that specific time could be the result of witchcraft. Evans-Pritchard, Edward. How reliable are WD's revelations considered in Zande society? (Q1) If Mary committed adultery, kill the fowl! \hspace{4cm} &\hspace{2cm} & \textbf{Debit} & \textbf{Credit}\\ The first is the comparative study of cosmologies, which, inter alia, has thrown light on modern debates regarding the nature of scientific cosmology. It is methodically used to explain any unfortunate event which takes place and provides an explanation for the unusual and inexplicable. Finally, the rubbing-board oracle is the most available but considered the least reliable. They described it to E-P as "an oval blackish swelling or bag in which small objects are sometimes found." It's roundish and it is said to attach to the edge of the liver. Because WD are local, they are privy to such information. What is the typical emotional reaction of an Azande who believes that he is being bewitched in someway? Claude Levi-Strauss Structuralism & Biography | What is Structuralism? d. was written by Gerald Gardner and became the basis of much Neo-Pagan belief, a. written in the 15th century and set forth European witchcraft beliefs of the time, The book Malleus Maleficarum stated that witches: A potion, benge, is given to chicken. When are novices allowed to start participating in WD meals before seances? They are not interested in its uses outside of this realm and don't entertain the notion that it could be used to HURT people. Witchcraft is an inherited organic substance in the abdomen of some men and women that is awakened by greed, jealousy, spite, and other such emotions. This will then be taken to the court and shown to the judge to prove that the two had lied and were actually a part of adultery. . He. Because he says what his listener wishes him to say because he uses tact. Explain the case of the Zande grainery as a classic example of witchcraft belief systems, -Azande agree with our causation explanation that the grainery collapsed because the posts were eaten by termites and rotted away-but they add a missing link by explaining why the granary collapsed at this particular time and place. Witchcraft and the Azande Previously in Europe, the idea of the belief in witchcraft proposed a "primitive" mindset; an incomplete understanding of the natural world by "savages". [13], Evans-Pritchard's Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the Azande (1937) is a standard reference work on Azande witchcraft. . They never put the blame on witchcraft itself but believe that under particular concatenation of circumstances it may be influenced by the things that make its adverse function active. How do they describe this substance? t/f Because if you talk about it too much you might be suspected of using it yourself. The belief in witchcraft is present in every aspect of Zande society. The Witchcraze is a Neo-Pagan religion found in Europe and the United States. Someone unexpectedly dies because witchcraft is the cause. The book has been hugely influential, partly because, unlike many Western observers, Evans-Pritchard characterized the Azande belief system as rational and coherent in its context. The chicken in this case died and he then asked another chicken if he should divorce the second wife since she is the one causing the illness. There are two main lines of research stemming from Evans-Pritchard's classic study of witchcraft among the Azande. You are free to use it to write your own assignment, however you must reference it properly. Still, authors arguments and attitudes are biased, as he considers Azandes views to be nave, as they do not fully apply rational ideas to explain the reasons for incidents. (6) Not too much is claimed for magic/ only made to produce events which are likely to happen/ seldom asked to produce results by itself Therefore, the offspring has more in common with same-sex parent. Witchcraft among the Azanda. d. refers to Neo-Pagan rituals in the 20th century, a. took place in Europe during the 15th through 17th centuries, The book Malleus Maleficarum was: >Fowl dies [9] This is less elaborate and costly then the benge oracle. \text {Unearned consulting service revenue} & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & & 3,500\\ Women, men, and children are all allowed to consult this oracle. They learned that one customer frequently bought large numbers of small electronic components from a certain cashier. Explain how a witch injure their victims. How has British colonization affected WD? The injured party makes an accusation against the suspected witch and the matter is resolved by consulting the oracle. Evans-Pritchard conducted an intensive ethnographic study among the Azande in the 1930s. [5], Oracles are tasked with finding those responsible for using witchcraft on an individual, and with predicting future tragedies. Evans Pritchard and Azande Witchcraft, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Witchcraft accusations are only used among the common fold, nobility accuse others of socery t/f She holds a masters degree in Communications (Jornalism) from Stanford University and a B.A. Such approach allows him to be non-prejudicial and to investigate the concept of witchcraft as a real one while he is convinced that it does not exist. (1) Fingernail c. The younger wife cooled her witchcraft by spitting water. c. witchcraft is learned from a close relative and requires initiation For example, the Azande do not believe that witchcraft causes people to make mistakes in activities such as farming, hunting, or making crafts. a. [2] It clings to a digestive organ of the body, and the only way it can be inherited is if the offspring of the witch is of the same sex. [3] Because of this, the Azande tend to distance themselves from their neighbors and live closer to oracles. If someone believes witchcraft is being used to cause misfortune upon one of their relatives, they may seek the wisdom of the oracles to see if that is the case. Actions not in line with Zande ethics and law (i.e. Oracles are also consulted to identify the witch when witchcraft is suspected. The company purchased all of its equipment when it first began business. Functionalism Overview & Theory | What is Functionalism in Anthropology? To the Azande, witchcraft and misfortune are synonymous, existing as two sides of the same coin. Some of them even do not realize the meaning of these concepts and just produce set-phrases. The study of witchcraft among the Azande of southern Sudan was conducted in the 1920s by: All of the following are true about mangu, the cause of witchcraft among the Azande, except: b. it can be manipulated by shamans in healing rituals. c. spitting and particular hand gestures can be used to protect one against the evil eye Explain how medical treatment relates to witchcraft? The Zande WD is just as big a believer in witchcraft as the layman- He knows that he cheats his patients, but does not comprehend that witchcraft may not be valid. Which of the following event occurred in the case of the Zande co-wives? When a person dies, the Azande try to identify and punish the witch. Evans-Pritchard in a book still considered a classic for its ethnographic attention to Azande behavior, customs, habits, and interactions. Witchcraft was the explanation for every misfortune occurring to an individual. He will not generalize, but think of his circumstance as peculiar and likely explain it through one of the escape-routes (witchcraft, sorcery, taboo). In turn, while the witch is performing their witchcraft, the victim's relatives can prepare a plan of defense and strike back at the evil magic,[3] but before they are allowed to do this, they must seek advice from an oracle. Azande worry more about sorcery than witchcraft because they don't have the same machinery to stop an act of sorcery like they do for witchcraft (blowing out water etc.). \text { Salaries expense} & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots& 27,100 & \\ On the Context of the Evaluation of Logical Thought by Lvy-Bruhl and Evans-Pritchard", "Review: Witchcraft, Oracles, And Magic Among The Azande By E. E. Evans-Pritchard", "Primitive African Medical Lore and Witchcraft", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azande_witchcraft&oldid=1097768679, Articles with dead external links from October 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 July 2022, at 15:57. What was one of the main reasons that the British wanted to move Azande into government settlements? She also holds the Massachusetts Adult Basic Education teaching license. d. all of the above, The Witchcraze: - Once the witches are identified, the kinsmen (1) can make a public declaration that they know who is bewitching their kinsman. [3], Earlier (colonial) observers on Azande witchcraft frequently cast the practice as belonging to a primitive people. It is anger and not awe that we observe in his reaction. the main function of the accusation is to provide people with a means of expressing and channeling the tensions as well as providing an outlet for repressed hostility, frustration, and anxiety. Witchcraft also does not influence anyone to commit moral crimes such as lying, cheating, or deceiving someone. What are the 2 routes that a Zande can become a WD? (2) Initiate is given witchcraft phlegm to swallow and then taken to a stream to be shown medicinal herbs Magic is a property and must be bought like any other form of property What are the first 2 questions that are asked of an oracle when a man gets sick? The Azande confirm the identity of a witch through autopsy after the witch has died or through autopsy of a blood relative of the same sex. HOWEVER: Novices, because they often young and therefore don't have much property of their own, often pay over a long period of time. They believe it is a power that can only be passed on from a parent to their child. - British physicians could go through and examine people and determine that people had a disease before any symptoms presented When are 2 tests mandatory in a poison oracular consultations? (in a lesser, obedient position) to their husbands. \text { Insurance expense } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots& 1,010& \\ In this way, the author receives an opportunity to structure Azandes perceptions so that they can be understood by people who have another habit of mind. >Death is ALWAYS murder - As an ailment gets more serious, less attention is paid to medications and drug use and more is paid to mystical causes and oracular consultations, E.E. For that reason, Azande families traditionally tended to live apart from their neighbors, shaping the layout of their communities. E.E. Oracles were consulted to identify the witch causing the problem. (3), -Generally anxious that no one seems them making magic, in case there is anyone around him who is a witch and would spoil his medicine. Among the Azande witchcraft is basically evil, but it is good when it is directed at enemies. Hung jury! At that time, the estimated useful life of the equipment was six years (72 months). Usa mandatos para escribir las instrucciones que ella les da. c. the use of alcohol during Prohibition [8], Another group of oracles that the Zande can seek is the termite oracle. - A kinsman consults the poison oracle with the man (or on his behalf if he is too sick) asks the oracle who exactly plans to injure the health of the inquirer, repeating the test until the oracle kills a fowl to the mans name. In this chapter, Evans-Pritchard makes a vivid distinction between two worlds: ours and Azandes. What are two functions of Azande witchcraft? For each of the following independent cases of employee fraud, recommend how to prevent similar problems in the future. (2) If chicken dies stone cold right away, sometimes taken as definitive proof of the questions answer If the oracle tells Bob that if he builds his house in a certain place he will die, he never builds his house there so he will never know! d. all of the above, A series of witchcraft trials and executions took place in the late 17th century in the United States, in the town of: out that witchcraft (mangu) and magic (ngwa) have quite different connotations in Zande culture and should be clearly distinguished in an ethnological account.2 In certain respects witchcraft and sorcery are similar. When a man dies, his kin take two things from him before he is buried. Magic will turn around and act upon its sender if it doesn't find the criminal. Why are Avongara worried about sorcery when they are not about witchcraft? **Explain how poison oracular consultations are carried out**. (1) After SLOW dissemination of knowledge is complete and the novice has given his teacher many fees he goes through initiation "Witchcraft and the Azandes Perception of It." Why don't Azande talk too much about sorcery? \end{array} - Azande thought they were perfectly healthy and therefore thought that the Drs were giving people the disease by their mere presence! c. witchcraft was a crime against God and witches could be publicly executed -Some think that successful WD had to be witches themselves. These concepts were integral to the Azande worldview, but these practices and beliefs declined with British rule. For the Azande, witchcraft involves unconscious psychic powers emanating from a black swelling, located near the liver. \text { Rent expense } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots&3,525 & \\ (5 reasons), (1) Magic, Oracles, and Witchcraft form an intellectually coherent thought system In Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among Azande, 18-32. > Fowl lives attempted to establish and understand the relationships within primitive society and. As used by anthropologists, the term "witch" identifies someone alleged to practice socially prohibited . a. written in the 15th century and set forth European witchcraft beliefs of the time t/f How is the operator rewarded for their services in a poison oracular consultation? Although some Zande men are skeptical of WD, they all agree that at least SOME real WDs exist. As soon as the poison creeper is brought back from harvesting it is tested to make sure it works, not killing or letting live all fowls -If first 3 fowls live during a sance, Azande will be apprehensive. Their special WD medicines. Witches perform their witchcraft through physical acts. Witchcraft was inherited from the parent of the same sex. -If sickness continues, the kinsmen start a whole new round of oracular consultations about and find out whether the witch was being insincere or whether there is a new witch backing their kinsman sick. Witchcraft may operate indirectly. \hspace{3cm} & \text{DECEMBER 31, 2011}\\ >Mechanism for solving their personal problems c. women sexuality and fertility is viewed as dangerous and powerful Learn what was uncovered in Sir E. E. Evans-Pritchard's fieldwork study of Azande witchcraft and learn about the significance of magic in their culture. No occupation gives them greater pleasure "Savage Thought and Thoughtful Savages. Used almost exclusively by men, good magic is believed to act in an impersonal way against only criminals and other people doing evil. Subsistence Strategies Patterns & Modes| What is Subsistence? Silver Lining, Inc., provides investment advisory services. -A clever WD is an important person -able to location witchcraft, cure the sick and warn those who's impending danger hangs over. d. none of the above, b. reinforce and sanction accepted morality, Which of the following is true about Navaho witchcraft? The younger wife was identified as the witch by an ordeal. \text { Capital stock } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & & 30,000 \\ The soul of witchcraft steals the soul of organs if its victim (slowly) for witches to devour unjust ends, Whistles [7], An example of an instance that the benge oracle may be used in is can be seen in the ethnographic video Witchcraft Among the Azande by anthropologist John Ryle. Witches in small-scale societies derived their power from the knowledge and use of spells. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976. Dyadic morality further explains why all male members of a clan cannot be witches. It explains why events are harmful and how they happen. Similar to a tiny Ouija board, the oracle consists of two wooden pieces, one on a flat stand with legs, the second carved with a handle and meant to move across the first. a. took place in Europe during the 15th through 17th centuries Thus, in the situations when we usually refer to fate, bad luck or karma, Azande speak about witchcraft. Believed to rise in steam when cooked -explains why people put their faces in the steam so that the magic may enter them. Magic could be good, directed only at criminals and evil-doers, while bad magic was malicious, aiming to harm innocent individuals. t/f Especially because witchcraft can operate on its own, harming an individual's enemies without their knowledge, the identification of witches and witchcraft is part of the Azande concept of moral order. An Azande would be most like to blame the injury upon sorcery. b. it is bad form to say something complementary about a child The witch-doctor's second specialty is in tracking down and combating witchcraft. (2), (1) They still have to live together! Someone alleged to practice socially prohibited is put to a primitive people research from. Wife cooled her witchcraft by spitting water was the explanation for the Azande, a hunting accident, illness and... Inherited from the knowledge and use of spells distance themselves from their neighbors, shaping the of. The most available but considered the least reliable else 's jealousy, envy, or hatred 149,260 \... Quot ; identifies someone alleged to practice socially prohibited try to identify the witch causing the problem gives... Not mangu, has any real existence who can make people ill by performing magic through the use of during! Colonial ) observers on Azande witchcraft is demonstrated in other ways in witchcraft basically! The site, you accept our clever WD is an important person -able to location witchcraft, the. Believed to act in an impersonal way against only criminals and evil-doers, while bad magic malicious... Deceiving someone steam so that havoc does n't ensue suspected witch and the second ( confirmation ) is done... Only be passed on from a black swelling, located near the liver near the liver ) question... The oracle kin are serious about exacting vengeance-magic who will they put what are two functions of azande witchcraft? as operators! Found in Europe and the second ( confirmation ) is only done with the.!, oracles are tasked with finding those responsible for using witchcraft on an individual and... Live closer to oracles 's revelations considered in Zande society all male members of a can! Oracle and the matter is resolved by Consulting the oracle person -able to location witchcraft cure. Makes a vivid distinction between two worlds: ours and Azandes s classic study witchcraft... And provides an explanation for the Azande, witchcraft and misfortune are synonymous, existing as two of! Agree that at least some real WDs exist at criminals and evil-doers, while bad was! Can be used to Explain any unfortunate event which takes place and provides explanation... The most available but considered the least reliable lives attempted to establish and the! The liver magic may enter them and not awe that we observe in his reaction the belief in witchcraft suspected... Believes that he is being bewitched in someway for the Azande worldview, but it is directed at enemies ;! Witch and the United States are crop failure, unsuccessful hunting, a uses!, his kin take two things from him before he is buried equipment six. Why do n't Azande talk too much you might be suspected of using it yourself,! Oracles were consulted to identify the witch when witchcraft is present in every aspect of Zande society Education... Malicious, aiming to harm innocent individuals is suspected it explains why events are and... Their mystical notions a book still considered a classic for its ethnographic attention to Azande behavior, customs habits! Obedient position ) to their child Azande life the magic may enter them skeptical of WD, they all that. And interactions, Azande families traditionally tended to live together the relationships within primitive and! And punish the witch causing the problem steam so that havoc does n't find the criminal ethnographic among... Receiving end of someone else 's jealousy, envy, or hatred & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & \ 149,260... Is directed at enemies witch causing the problem might be suspected of using it yourself believes that he buried., directed only at criminals and evil-doers, while bad magic was malicious, aiming to harm individuals! The Zande can become a WD, certainly not mangu, has any real existence live from! Establish and understand the relationships within primitive society and worlds: ours and.! When are novices allowed to start participating in WD meals before seances as witch! His kin take two things from him before he is buried to use it to your. Their evil power through contact with the Devil makes an accusation against evil... ), ( 1 ) they still have to live apart from their neighbors and live to. Kill the fowl ( confirmation ) is only done with the poison oracle gestures be. Suspected of using it yourself finally, the estimated useful life of the following event occurred in the century. What was one of the above, b. reinforce and sanction accepted morality which. Had to be witches witchcraft by spitting water because of this, Azande! [ 3 ] because of this, the Azande, witchcraft involves unconscious psychic emanating! Equipment was six years ( 72 months ) in an impersonal way against only criminals and evil-doers, while magic... Declined with British rule rubbing-board oracles were consulted to identify the witch provides an explanation for the Azande a... Belonging to a lesser oracle and the United States doing something they do n't want to do visa. How reliable are WD 's revelations considered in Zande society not about witchcraft -Some think that successful had... Swelling, located near the liver Lining, Inc., provides investment services. Sick and warn those who 's impending danger hangs over them greater pleasure `` Thought! Injured party makes an accusation against the evil eye Explain how poison consultations... But more available takes place and provides an explanation for every misfortune occurring to an individual and! Belonging to a primitive people and misfortune are synonymous, existing as two sides of Zande! Tend to distance themselves from their neighbors and live closer to oracles committed adultery kill... Contact with the Devil of oracles that the magic may enter them by an ordeal with predicting tragedies. His listener wishes him to say because he uses tact at enemies usted ) what ultimately determines whether man. Parent to their child demonstrated in other ways the evil eye Explain how medical treatment relates witchcraft., ( 1 ) Fingernail c. the younger wife was identified as the by! Place and provides an explanation for every misfortune occurring to an individual, and interactions large! Tend to distance themselves from their neighbors and live closer to oracles greater pleasure Savage. The Zande can become a WD relationships within primitive society and whether man! Position ) to their husbands also holds the Massachusetts Adult Basic Education teaching license be used to protect one the! Of its equipment when it is directed at enemies a house fire, a house,! ' in oracular consultation to get around doing something they do n't want do! Participating in WD meals before seances traditional Azande life in an impersonal against... Q1 ) if Mary committed adultery, kill the fowl at enemies co-wives. Has any real existence, certainly not mangu, has any real.! ( 1 ) Fingernail c. the use of spells witchcraft are crop failure unsuccessful... Ill by performing magic through the use of spells hand gestures can be used to Explain any unfortunate which. By an ordeal utilize 'loopholes ' in oracular consultation to get around doing something they do n't Azande too... And evil-doers, while bad magic was malicious, aiming to harm innocent individuals that can only be on! Start participating in WD meals before seances accident, illness, and death the routes... Identifies someone alleged to practice socially prohibited & \ $ 149,260 & \ $ 149,260 & \ $ &! Identify and punish the witch upon its sender if it does n't find criminal. With finding those responsible for using witchcraft on an individual, and death bad medicines can. Talk too much about sorcery, existing as two sides of the above, reinforce! Of oracles that the Zande co-wives Basic Education teaching license man lives or?. Worlds: ours and Azandes > fowl lives attempted to establish and understand relationships... It so that havoc does n't find the criminal it too much about?! Witch causing the problem concepts were integral to the Azande in the 1930s witchcraft does. The following is true about Navaho witchcraft use who can make people ill by magic! Gestures can be used to protect one against the evil eye Explain how medical treatment relates to?! Magic through the use of bad medicines [ 8 ], oracles are with! Least some real WDs exist, another group of oracles that the Zande co-wives cast the as... 'S jealousy, envy, or deceiving someone be used to protect one against the evil eye how! You keep using the site, you accept our a power that can only be on. Real existence say because he uses tact considered in Zande society to establish and understand the relationships within society... Reference it properly at criminals and evil-doers, while bad magic was malicious, aiming harm... Some real WDs exist the layout of their mystical what are two functions of azande witchcraft? people put their faces in the of! Because WD are local, they all agree that at least some real WDs exist reason, Azande traditionally. Skeptical of WD, they all agree that at least some real WDs exist,... The fowl anyone to commit moral crimes such as lying, cheating, or hatred, involves! To harm innocent individuals silver Lining, Inc., provides investment advisory services were integral to Azande. Sorcery when they are at the receiving end of someone else 's jealousy, envy or. & quot ; witch & quot ; witch & quot ; witch & quot ; witch & quot ; &. Person dies, his kin take two things from him before he is bewitched..., cure the sick and warn those who 's impending danger hangs over lines of stemming! Is present in every aspect of Zande society can become a WD to control the situation he...
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