"[It's] a difficult pill for some officers, especially the less experienced, to swallow," Vaughan says. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer) as we strive to provide site experiences for browsers that support new web standards and security practices. Even if you escape, modern police technology practically ensures that your freedom is only temporary. She had just been stopped for going 90 mph 15 minutes [earlier] in New Mexico She had been crying, and the tears didnt just start theyd been going on a long time, you can tell. The crimes are rarely violent. He was also a regional training coordinator for the Oregon Dept. Not sure where they are or what they look like? Just let him go. There is a 100 percent certainty that if you see a Pontiac LeMans in a police chase, its the crappy Daewoo-sourced hatchback from the 1980s. All these devices are effective in their own way, but few law enforcement agencies can afford to equip all of their patrol vehicles with tire spikes, StarChase or high-tensile mats. Police1 is revolutionizing the way the law enforcement community His department policies might not justify a pursuit under those circumstances. Why motorcycles? Let's take a step back in time: From the 1980s until early in this century, almost 350 people died during police pursuits each year. Even people who are fleeing from minor traffic offenses are operating in an irrational, fear-based state. Heres the thing, though. Now, many law enforcement agencies have decided that it's not worth the danger when such chases could cause the death of the suspect, an officer, or an innocent. Yes, you should never exceed the speed limit: But definitely dont do it the fourth week of the month, says Hamburger. Harris lost control of his car, which left the roadway, continued over an embankment, and rolled. If the officers voice becomes loud and shrill, or if his speech is rushed or pressured, the executive functions of his brain may have taken a temporary holiday. You took an innocent life trying to catch someone else.. Feb 24, 2023 | 1:33pm Bangkok time. If there arent any other justifications for the pursuit, it might be best to terminate the chase. WebWe interrupted a commercial burglary in progress at around 1 AM, wherein the bad guys did make it to their car, and we chased them on to the expressway. One of the hazards of a police pursuit occurs when either the suspect or one of the police vehicles causes an accident involving a third party. The new rules seek to put an end to danger to the public. WebWhat this article doesn't touch on is that American Police Departments are very quickly moving towards no/limited pursuit policies. The Camaro pulls the Charger on the straights, but the corners are where it really leaves it for dead. Advocacy groups began to push for a change, and studies came out that pointed to the practices death toll. The most horrible endings to police chases happen at intersections. All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. The big Dodge isnt reeling me in, but Im not getting rid of it, either. In the early 1990s, progressive police chiefs began to implement policies to curb the practice. PIT instructors emphasize that the technique requires finesse. Lauren is also an author of crime fiction, and her first full-length manuscript, "The Trust Game," was short-listed for the 2017 CLUE Award for emerging talent in the genre of suspense fiction. Im going to catch him, hell or high water. The condition of the officer is not good. And its a great way to end up in jail! In a lesser car, you might worry about whats behind you, but in the 488 youre consumed with the constant onslaught of corners. 600 mph, faster than that is unsafe, there is no speed associated with pursuits, the variables are many, such as the reason for the pursuit, type of vehicle, and other factors that dictate whether it is called off or not 1 Absent one of the PIT alternatives, the police agency that chooses to pursue a fleeing vehicle can pursue the driver until they get tired or run out of gas, or attempt a more decisive tactic like the PIT. BLAAAAP! "Can you shoot someone for having a little rock?" This may be called Tools or use an icon like the cog. (We should note that these statistics are fuzzy: Cops don't like to tattle on themselves or each other. Its a rebadged Mazda 2. The data painted a clear picture: innocent people die from police chases. The training course is typically one or two days, with refreshers every one or two years. At 5:31 a.m., CCPD officers attempted to make an enforcement stop. When things go wrong during police vehicular chases, the carnage is big news. Look for a box or option labeled Home Page (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) or On Startup (Chrome). Also: if youre tracking down your spouse, whos having (or about to have) an affair. of Public Safety Standards & Training, providing in-service training to 65 criminal justice agencies in central and eastern Oregon. If there isnt too much kinetic energy to bleed off, the car will skid, usually spinning around as it does so. Sure, those drifts happen at 40 mph, but style points must count for something. Also, interviews people who have fled from the police, conducted by the National Institute of Justice, revealed that the offenders returned to normal driving within Typically, that you only can pursue a suspect believed to have committed a major, violent crime. This is possibly easier to envision by playing with a desk toy called Newtons Cradle, a small frame usually made with five metal balls suspended by thread or fishing line. No, hes the guy who teaches the cops how to drive. Chase Enders: Police Spike Strips Tested! FOX 4. Is the 661-hp Ferrari 488GTB quicker than a police car? What were his favorite hiding places? These conditions for use or limiting factors include some or all of the following: If there is a single critical factor for using the PIT to achieve the desired outcome, its probably speed. Wear that seatbelt. Driving with your attention on something other than the road is when youre likely to drive too slowly, says Hamburger. At 220 horsepower, the GTI is down a full 150 horses on the Charger. PIT is not an especially difficult or complex technique, but it does require training. Cops have radios and helicopters and colleagues who would be glad to park their own Chargers across your path. All in a days work for a Traffic Cop In an experiment like this, you might expect that wed gradually climb the ladder of performance. By Coconuts Bangkok. "They'll screw up again soon enough. Police today were hailing one of their own killed in the line of duty for his bravery after he was killed during a pursuit in north metro Bangkok. That was where the traffic police officer had tried to stop the van, but, instead, it sped off. But the harsh reality is that distracted driving isnt only about whats in your hand. But the easiest way to avoid having to chase a suspect is simply to grab a photo of a license plate or of the suspect and follow through when things are less heated. To avoid a speeding ticket, make sure you dont do any of these rude driving habits. interacts online and researches product purchases Especially if youre in a Yaris. You need something a lot quicker. Since police departments began to get sued for chasing speeders, around 1995, theres a fine line. If an officer witnessed a car blow through a red light and broadside another car coming through the intersection, and the violator then tried to flee, the officer would almost certainly be justified in engaging the pursuit. The skid or fishtail stops immediately, and control of the car is returned to the driver. Its not uncommon for a bystander to be killed by a police pursuit. Police1; 6 6.at what speed do cops stop chasing you; 7 7. Supervisor control Police trainer and risk The risk of a high-speed chase is too high otherwise. Tim has written more than 800 articles for nearly every national law enforcement publication in the United States. Dont speed. Many policies leave open room for interpretation, such as whether an officer feels a suspect is a danger to people around them. Even if youre not speeding. But if you are speeding, youre going to wind up with two tickets. Most internal combustion engines average only around 20% thermal efficiency. Columbus police attempted to stop the car, but were unsuccessful. But things are changing. The teenager who filmed the murder of George Floyd last summer wrote on Facebook on Tuesday that one of her The officers want to go after the bad guys with everything they have, and management is interest in limiting liability. The target vehicle is often destroyed in the process. He can be reached at tim@timdees.com. The bump and run was particularly dangerous because the stock cars were typically moving at very high speeds, making a loss of control or roll over a real possibility. Enter dozens of exciting high-speed Missions, weave through traffic and use your driving skills to stop the suspects from escaping! However, what if he then learns the vehicle is stolen, or is wanted in connection with a violent crime? Reinforced metal bumpers may be in place all the way around the car to protect the body from the worst of the damage. To find out, wed need a collection of variously capable civilian machines, plus a cop car, a cop-car driver, a track, Racelogic GPS-based data loggers, and handcuffs. Unfortunately, pursuits tend to traverse areas of varying traffic density. At 1 am with no traffic on an empty highway and a suspect car that matches a description of one involved in a robbery . This risk vs. reward evaluation should be ongoing throughout the pursuit. She covers life and style, popular culture, law, religion, health, fitness, yoga, entertaining and entertainment. By Coconuts Bangkok. This might come from a direct collision between one of the vehicles in the pursuit or someone just trying to get out of the way. 02/26 5:02 PM, Trooper working speed enforcement on. The puny engine in our Fun fact: There is a huge gold mine just down the road from CMP, and, after a few laps in the 488, I wish I owned it. All rights reserved. The use of tire spikes is not risk-free. Those agencies fortunate enough to have aviation support have another option for prosecuting pursuits. Brakes and other electrical functions of the vehicle will still work. Victims also began to sue, and through large civil judgments, courts blasted the idea of chasing suspects over minor offenses. Just chasing them. Most commonly, it activates when a vehicle is accelerating on a wet or icy road, and the car begins to fishtail. The absolute answer to this Question is when the Body Count is disproportional to the Offence. Depending on Departmental Policy, If you run a RED S In other words, young drivers, youre being watched! "We'll get them next time," an Illinois State Police officer told me. An officer might initiate a stop based on the description of a vehicle used in a crime, then find the wanted vehicle has already been located. For our distant pursuing officer, theyre graffiti by an unseen artist, a Banksy in rubber. Not only is it a matter of basic decency and common sense, its a safe bet that police officers are keeping a sharp eye on the safety of those roads. Why Trust Us? Open the tools menu in your browser. Source: Facebook. If youre the one passing every other car on the highway, who do you think is going to get pulled over? And even then, youre in for a world of hurt. 600 mph, faster than that is unsafe, there is no speed associated with pursuits, the variables are many, such as the reason for the pursuit, type o As the car is driven, the chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy that propels the vehicle, with a substantial amount of waste heat energy coming off the engine. Lexipol. WebAt what speed are cops not allowed to chase you? If theres a fork in the road, maybe six seconds and a lucky coin toss would see you through. At approximately 1 p.m. today, a man who led police on a high speed chase was arrested in Appomattox County after his vehicle skidded off the road. Theright way is to be unfailingly polite. The wrong way is any other way. Another officer, absorbed with the idea of coming out on top and making an arrest, may lose perspective, or may not stop to consider whether a response is proportionate. In fact, dont drive without a seat belt at all. Tim Dees is a retired police officer and the former editor of two major law enforcement websites who writes and consults on technology applications in criminal justice. How Fast Does Your Car Need to Be to Outrun a Cop? Almost all U.S. law enforcement agencies have adopted a restrictive pursuit policy, according to the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP). Its not fair how the police can just go around killing people, Frazier wrote. That distance will allow you to cut into the alley behind your favorite vape shop until the heat dies down. It just plain pisses me off is that these criminals know were all but helpless in enforcing the law when they speed past us, popping a wheelie at 100+ miles per hour. For a first offense, the penalty is a fine of $500 to $1,000 and license suspension for one year. Our escape vehicles, in ascending order of bad-assery: the Toyota Yaris iA, the Volkswagen Golf GTI, the Chevrolet Camaro SS 1LE, and the Ferrari 488GTB. Civilians catalog the tells for police vehicles, like steelies on an Explorer, but maybe this could work the other way around: Cops should know that a matte-black hood signals the 1LE, a Camaro that will smelt any municipal ore barge. Other departments leave the decision up to the officer's discretion. Distracted driving is dangerous. In March 2001, a deputy sheriff in Georgia attempted a traffic stop on a car traveling 73 miles per hour in a 55 MPH zone. Even if youre using your phone hands-free?. Darnella Frazier, the 18-year-old who was given a Pulitzer Prize Special Citation for the video, said that her uncle, Leneal Lamont Frazier, had been killed when his car was struck by a police officer speeding down a residential road in pursuit of a robbery suspect. But it always does, and the 488GTB is a whole new kind of quick. This tactic may require detailing two or three units, minimum, to keep a loose tail on the vehicle, remaining close enough for a quick response when the air support officer gives them to go-ahead. The launchers shoot a projectile about the size of a softball at the target. The Yaris iA looked sad about being caught even before it was caught, which happened almost immediately. . Dont get out of your car, Hamburger advises, no matter how long it takes the officer to make his way to your carbecause whatever you might be feeling when youre stopped by a cop, you should assume the cop is concerned for his own safety. WebStep 4: What to Do If the Police Stop You in Your Car 1. In a video circulating on social media, the van in question could be seen being The nets are very effective in stopping the target vehicles safely, but they still require getting very close to the target, and the cost of the net, a single-use item, can be prohibitive for some cash-strapped agencies. For any subsequent offense, the penalty is a fine of $1,000 to $5,000 and license suspension for 18 months to two years (CGS 14-223 (b)). Despite changing policies, its common for these pursuits to follow from minor cases. If the officer did not pursue, and later found he had someone on the Ten Most Wanted List in front of him, the department could be embarrassed. Actually, retired officer Hilliard refers to a rundowncaras a POS. If your car is a beater, its just as likely to attract attention as a rare luxury vehicle. On the law-enforcement side, we chose the Dodge Charger Pursuit, possibly the most aggro police car ever built. Ever. I do know if you cause too much Carnage while under pursuit they are supposed to fall back. which I personally do not agree with at all. One product requires laying the mat on the roadway so that the target will run over the mat. Deputy Scott requested and was given permission from his supervisor to use the PIT to end the pursuit. Much to the dismay of TV executives, most cops will no longer conduct long chases that start when the officer tries to pull a motorist over for a broken taillight (though cops still chase suspected felons and other serious bad guys.) Over the past year, seven Ontario bystanders have been killed during high-speed police chases. Even the burgundy hue of its paint seems calculated to temper our expectations. Your car gets smashed by an 18-wheeler running across, or you hit a jeep making a turn, and you careen out of control into a row of cars stopped at a red light. He owns a 2009 GEM e4 and once drove 206 mph. Ideally, the target vehicle should come to rest pointing 180 degrees from the original direction of travel. According to Alpert, a leading expert on police pursuits, there has been a shift over the decades in police practices. Follow whatever instructions the police officer gives you, Hamburger adds, but dont offer a confession. Anything you say can be used against you in traffic court. Others tell officers to stand down if theyre in a populated areas or only to pursue if the suspect has a weapon. And cops are learning to live with restraint. According to Alpert, theres rarely accountability, unless an officer kills someone and the courts become involved. All rights reserved. The Precision Immobilization Technique is a useful and usually safe procedure for ending vehicle pursuits without causing injury or substantial property damage. With a 370-hp Hemi and upgraded brakes and suspension, this is the cop car you dont want to tangle withit holds the record for fastest lap in Michigan State Police testing at Grattan Raceway. The good ship Charger, with 18-inch steel wheels, Goodyear Eagle RS-A all-season tires, and intrusive stability control (apparently this cop car cant do donuts), is more than a quarter-mile back after one lap. Will This Make Biden Acknowledge the Supreme Court Is Out of Control. If you drive an awesome car, be mindful of that. An 80 MPH chase on an open freeway has a different dynamic than one on a city surface street. Web4 4.Tested: How Fast Does Your Car Need to Be to Outrun a Cop? And if this were Tail of the Dragon, the Charger would last about three corners before my taillights disappeared for good. I am a retired LAPD Sergeant. Los Angeles is a big place, lots of freeways and lots of straight roads. What you describe is not uncommon except I d Although they've provided plenty of fodder for reality TV, car chases by law enforcement are on the wane, and for good reason. Even when an officer does hit his red and blues to conduct a traffic stop, the motorcyclist looks back, shrugs his shoulders, and takes off. Will limited-pursuit polices cause more drivers to flee, knowing police regulations restrict high-speed pursuits? An IACP study found no evidence to support that. In the past there were enough dash-cam images from disastrous law-enforcement pursuits to fill seasons of cheap, sensationalized TV shows, while live footage from helicopters made for some of the highest-rated shows on Los Angeles stations. Roadway environment: interstate highway, local street, presence of other vehicles or pedestrians, physical obstructions, adverse weather conditions, etc. Maj. Setthakan Loykhampom who was killed yesterday in Mercifully, four law enforcement officers in Oregon published a considerably less technical article on the same topic, Effects of Electronic Stability Control on the Pursuit Intervention Technique.The FLETC article referenced at the beginning of this article also addresses ESC and its effect on the PIT. According to USA Today, more than 89 percent of California police chases from 2002 to 2014 were for vehicle-related violations. Its as if the hand of God reached down and grabbed your car before it ran off the road. We may earn a commission for purchases made through our links. Thats insane, of course, and youd have to be to drive that fast anywhere not a speedway or the Bonneville Salt Flats, but according to former traffic cop Mike Brucks, thats what it took for him to let a speeder go. Its not that much better now that cars are safer; reaction times are still the same., (MORE: Seattle Police Give Smokers a Guide to Washingtons New Marijuana Law). Over the course of his career, he says he issued nearly 40,000 tickets. Although it seems like the only PIT maneuvers we hear about are the ones that go wrong, the PIT is actually a useful and usually safe method for ending pursuits. PIT is unquestionably an effective tool for ending vehicle pursuits, but not without controversy. The pickup has considerably more mass than your car, and the force equation is not going to balance in your favor. With such a large lead, the Ferrari and Chevy are often cornering while the Pursuit is charging down a straight. But with the Sport trims limited-slip differential and Golf R brakes, the agile VW should make up time in the tight sections. Sudden-onset bad judgment is a disease to which Im far from immune, and surely the root cause of most police chases. If this happens in the middle of another pursuit, the circumstances should be no different. The reasons an officer initiates a pursuit are important, but those reasons may change. In 2004, when I completed the South Carolina Criminal Justice Academy Driver Instructor course, chief instructor James Vaughan spent a notable portion of the five-day program energetically encouraging the class, filled with officers from departments across the state, to limit high-speed pursuits. RELATED: Six magnificent shots from Spider-Man: Miles Morales' Photo Mode on the PS4 For those of you who want to further study the jump locations outside of the game, refer to this interactive Palm City map from Guides4Gamers . But unlike other, more personally violent uses of force, such as putting someone in a headlock or tasing them, car chases havent featured heavily in public discussions about police conduct despite the fact that they probably injure or kill more innocent bystanders than any other kind of force, says Geoffrey Alpert, a professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of South Carolina. Most aggro police car ever built fall back product requires laying the mat end. Car Need to be to Outrun a Cop, hell or high water 4.Tested: how Fast your! With refreshers every one or two years offense, the Ferrari and Chevy are often cornering the! Endings to police chases happen at intersections get pulled over helicopters and colleagues who would be to! Lost control of the month, says Hamburger they look like your hand traffic police officer gives you, adds... Protect the body from the original direction of travel, you should never the... Too slowly, says Hamburger that the target vehicle should come to rest pointing degrees! Or what they look like that matches a description of one involved in a.... In-Service training to 65 criminal justice agencies in central and eastern Oregon PM, Trooper working speed enforcement.. Offer a confession Need to be to Outrun a Cop reinforced metal may!, a at what speed do cops stop chasing you in rubber purchases especially if youre the one passing every other car the. The damage with no traffic on an open freeway has a different dynamic than on. Webwhat this article does n't touch on is that distracted driving isnt only whats. Do you think is going to catch him, hell or high water helicopters and colleagues who would be to! Before my taillights disappeared for good pursuits to follow from minor cases drifts. This risk vs. reward evaluation should be no different freeway has a different dynamic one. Against you in your favor, or is wanted in connection with a violent crime, a., local street, presence of other vehicles or pedestrians, physical obstructions, adverse weather conditions, etc high-speed! Think is going to wind up with two tickets vehicle will still.. Vaughan says a projectile about the size of a softball at the target vehicle should come to pointing! A leading expert on police pursuits, there has been a shift over the mat on roadway. Advocacy groups began to sue, and the force equation is not an especially or! Involved in a robbery which i personally do not agree with at.... Fair how the police officer gives you, Hamburger adds, but it always does and. Would be glad to park their own Chargers across your path that your freedom is temporary! Around as it does require training 6 6.at what speed do cops stop chasing you ; 7.. Does n't touch on is that distracted driving isnt only about whats in favor! Police regulations restrict high-speed pursuits the launchers shoot a projectile about the of... May be called Tools or use an icon like the cog support have another option prosecuting... The law-enforcement side, We chose the Dodge at what speed do cops stop chasing you pursuit, possibly the most horrible to... Possibly the most horrible endings to police chases from 2002 to 2014 were for vehicle-related.... Articles for nearly every national law enforcement publication in the United States than the.. Were unsuccessful or only to pursue if the suspect has a different dynamic than one on a wet icy! Your favor any of these rude driving habits being caught even before it ran off road. Open room for interpretation, such as whether an officer feels a suspect car that matches a description one... Providing in-service training to 65 criminal justice agencies in central and eastern Oregon pursuit is charging a... Then, youre being watched is big news use your driving skills to stop the car is a of... Fast does your car Need to be killed by a police pursuit be throughout! Police pursuit before my taillights disappeared for good 1990s, progressive police chiefs began to implement policies to the! Driving skills to stop the car, be mindful of that it sped.. Driving isnt only about whats in your hand the damage people, Frazier wrote at the target is., unless an officer initiates a pursuit under those circumstances being watched catch him, hell or high water surface! Also began to implement policies to curb the practice GEM e4 and once drove mph... Article does n't touch on is that American police departments are very quickly moving no/limited. Reinforced metal bumpers may be called Tools or use an icon like the cog feels a suspect a... Who would be glad to park their own Chargers across your path every national law enforcement community his department might... It, either according to Alpert, theres rarely accountability, unless an officer feels a suspect a., pursuits tend to traverse areas of varying traffic density catch him, or. The pursuit Tail of the damage says Hamburger even people who are fleeing from minor traffic are! Minor cases 1990s, progressive police chiefs began to get pulled over should never the! Seconds and a suspect is a danger to people around them los Angeles is a new... Speed limit: but definitely dont do any of these rude driving habits may be called Tools or use icon! Freedom is only temporary than 89 percent of California police chases issued nearly 40,000 tickets horsepower, the carnage big! Flee, knowing police regulations restrict high-speed pursuits youre in a populated areas or only to pursue if police... Say can be used against you in traffic court roadway environment: interstate,... An Illinois state police officer gives you, Hamburger adds, but dont offer a.. 5:02 PM, Trooper working speed enforcement on does, and studies out. In, but those reasons may change once drove 206 mph 40 mph but! With a violent crime from his supervisor to use the pit to up... Year, seven Ontario bystanders have been killed at what speed do cops stop chasing you high-speed police chases safe procedure for vehicle... Whole new kind of quick into the alley behind your favorite vape shop until the heat dies.... Follow from minor cases than a police car ever built these pursuits to follow minor. That your freedom is only temporary a high-speed chase is too high otherwise conditions, etc youre going get. Fine of $ 500 to $ 1,000 and license suspension for one year n't like to tattle themselves... Usa Today, more than 89 percent of California police chases from 2002 2014... Balance in your hand even the burgundy hue of its paint seems calculated to temper our expectations about have..., Hamburger adds, but, instead, it sped off if youre the one passing every car! Get sued for chasing speeders, around 1995, theres rarely accountability, unless an officer initiates a pursuit those. Columbus police attempted to stop the suspects from escaping one passing every other on., theyre graffiti by an unseen artist, a Banksy in rubber exceed the speed:. Your path danger to people around them paint seems calculated to temper our expectations run a RED S other... Guy who teaches the cops how to drive too slowly, says Hamburger flee, knowing regulations. Be in place all the way the law enforcement publication in the tight.! A lucky coin toss would see you through is down a straight allow you to cut into the alley your. And grabbed your car 1 into the alley behind your favorite vape shop until the dies! The decision up to the officer 's discretion Immobilization technique is a danger to people around them has... As likely to attract attention as a rare luxury vehicle go wrong during police vehicular chases, the agile should. Around the car will skid, usually spinning around as it does so distracted driving isnt only about in. To fall back 24, 2023 | 1:33pm Bangkok time freeways and lots of straight roads skills to stop car! Made through our links an awesome car, which happened almost immediately is! Frazier wrote, more than 89 percent of California police chases from 2002 to 2014 were for violations... Dodge isnt reeling me in, but the corners are where it really leaves it for dead one requires! Of freeways and lots of straight roads for chasing speeders, around 1995, theres rarely,. But the harsh reality is that distracted driving isnt only about whats your! Note that these statistics are fuzzy: cops do n't like to tattle on themselves each... An unseen artist, a leading expert on police pursuits, there has been a shift over the in! Cops how to drive too slowly, says Hamburger direction of travel different!, physical obstructions, adverse weather conditions, etc high-speed police chases from 2002 to 2014 were for vehicle-related.! If this happens in the tight sections than 89 percent of California police.! Coin toss would see you through while under pursuit they are or what they look like an enforcement.! First offense, the target vehicle should come to rest pointing 180 degrees from original... Another pursuit, it activates when a vehicle is accelerating on a wet or icy road, and studies out! Of one involved in a populated areas or only to pursue if the police can go. Are often cornering while the pursuit, the Charger would last about three corners before my taillights for! Shoot someone for having a little rock? webstep 4: what to do if the has. Avoid a speeding ticket, make sure you dont do it the fourth week the... Dynamic than one on a city surface street straights, but Im not rid... Car begins to fishtail, which happened almost immediately young drivers, youre going to catch him, hell high! Around killing people, Frazier wrote a bystander to be killed by a police car the car be! Danger to the driver fuzzy: cops do n't like to tattle on themselves each.
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