2, 2014. On farms, proper storage facilities and labeling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and safety equipment and procedures for handling, application and disposal are often subject to mandatory standards and regulations. It may also include hormones and other chemical growth agents.[1][2]. Agrochemical pollution of waterways, as a result of widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, can alter the transmission of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, according to a recent study from the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), partly funded by the NIH Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Then, read the label. Our objective was to integrate a rapid rural appraisal of indigenous farmer pesticide application practices and pest knowledge with a cost-benefit analysis of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, for the development of better agricultural management practices and improved regulatory infrastructure. Rise in population base, increase in . To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Section I: Report on Pesticide Use By SO 1 Partners and on Uganda's Pesticide Regulatory Status Prepared by: Dr. George A. Schaefers, Dr. Robert C. Hedlund, and Dr. Samuel Kyamanywa Prepared for: U.S. Agency for International Development/Uganda April 1999 Environmental Policy and Institutional Strengthening Indefinite Quantity Contract (EPIQ) Long-term solutions however, are dependent on the development of policies and infrastructure that support non-chemical pest management, alternatives to pesticides, and the identification of organic plantain markets. Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. Examples include Zineb and Sulphur. Despite these, manufacturers of agrochemicals exploit several methods such as graph, labels, and pictures to raise the awareness of the users about the health risks associated with their use of the products. The value for the Chi-squared test of 0.00 indicates that the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. Indicative questions for measuring awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Present agrochemical use in Ghana poses a risk to health and the environment. The mean score of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use in the study area was 58% indicating a moderate level of awareness. 2, no. The minimum and maximum household sizes were 1 person and 16 persons, respectively, with a mean of 6 persons per household. The increase in area under cultivation by one acre leads to an increase in maize output by 584kg (5.84 bags) ceteris paribus. Effect on Water. The awareness level was significantly explained by education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals use, and farm size. S. Gaber and S. Abdel-Latif, Effect of education and health locus of control on safe use of pesticides: a cross sectional random study, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. Most are mixtures of two or more chemicals; active ingredients provide the desired effects, and inert ingredients stabilize or preserve the active ingredients or aid in application. To estimate the effect of awareness level on farm output, multiple linear regression model was used where awareness level is an additional explanatory variable measuring the effect on output. The amino acid and protein synthesis of herbs and weeds are interrupted, and they are finally killed. There are concerns about the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals with nonadherence of safety precautions of agrochemical use by maize farmers in Ghana (including Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality). Many pesticide accidents can be traced to applicator carelessness or misuse. The study confirmed the findings of Fianko et al. Required fields are marked *. It encompasses fertilizers, pesticides (weedicides, insecticides, rodenticides, and fungicides), and plant regulators. Farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use, household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size (acres), and quantity of pesticides (liters) significantly and positively influence maize output. The agrochemicals and their effects are described below: 1. Mattah et al. agrochemical, Any chemical used in agriculture, including chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides. The assertion by Owusu-Boateng and Amuzu [6] that many farmers in Ghana do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides is empirically confirmed by this research. 2, June 2016, published, Farmer: Agrochemical Use and Associated Risk Factors in Fadan Daji District of Kaura LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria, Application of nanotechnology in agriculture and food science, 16 Agricultural Impacts in the Northern Temperate Zone, Securing future food: towards ecological food provision UK Food Group Briefing, Effect of Agrochemical Use on the Drinking Water Quality of Agogo, a Tomato Growing Community in Ashanti Akim, Ghana, Farmers perceptual analysis of the quality and accessibility of agrochemicals in Kaduna and Ondo States of Nigeria: Implications for Policy, Alternatives to legislative policies on pesticides in Cambodia, Alternatives to the lack of successful policies on pesticides in Cambodia, Socio-economic Determinants of Adoption of Recommended Agrochemical Practices among Crop Farmers in Kaduna and Ondo States, Nigeria, Adoption of Recommended Agrochemical Practices among Crop Farmers in Kaduna and Ondo States of Nigeria, Status, Gaps and Way Forward in Addressing the Chronic Kidney Disease Unidentified (CKDu) in Sri Lanka, Nanotechnology in agri-food production: an overview, A Review of Research into the Environmental and SocioEconomic Impacts of Contemporary and Alternative Arable Cropping Systems, DETERMINANTS IN KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RECOMMENDED PACKAGE OF PRACTICES OF ROOT & TUBER CROPS, EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON CAMBODIA FARMING AND FOOD PRODUCTION: ALTERNATIVES TO REGULATORY POLICIES 1, Comparative investigation of climate change potential of agro-chemical inputs used by efficient and inefficient soybean farmers of Niger State in Nigeria vis--vis pathways of minimizing its impacts on agro-ecology, Awareness and practices of Paddy Farmers towards Sustainable Agricultural Technologies: The Case of Usangu Plains in Mbarali district, Tanzania, WB Agripollution Report Philippines (Executive Summary). 1. An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture. 90, no. 86, no. Nutrients come in a range of ratios, which may or may not be appropriate for a particular crop. 115 0 obj<> endobj 2431, 2013. Herbicides and insecticides are the two dominant categories. HXDJ0M`|p)%M-Y@Ln3gzsd1eH``c8R9r }j_ Although accidents and emergencies involving pesticides are rare, unfortunately they do occur. [7]. Leads to water pollution. Lastly, farmers should be educated on the importance of adhering to safety standards of agrochemical use as it increases maize output. Farm size recorded minimum value of 1 acre and maximum of 23 acres with mean value 4.909 acres. This safety precaution adherence is likely to increase the farm output level per unit area. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. The Illinois Department of Agriculture receives about 120 pesticide misuse complaints a year. Many farmers do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides [6]. C. K. Bempah and A. K. Donkor, Pesticide residues in fruits at the market level in Accra Metropolis, Ghana, a preliminary study, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. Extent of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. 92.7% of the respondents had knowledge about perilous consequence and yet didn't garment recommended protective apparels during application. Chemicals can offer essential nutrients to the soil, allowing it to develop steadily and produce food for all. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. Conversely, Achem et al. Results indicate that the quantity of agrochemicals applied in plantain cultivation is less than that applied in export banana, but the absence of appropriate agrochemical application practices in plantain cultivation may pose serious risks to human and environmental health. %%EOF The study was conducted in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. B. Dinham, Growing vegetables in developing countries for local urban populations and export markets: problems confronting small-scale producers, Pest Management Science, vol. The use of pesticides in the cultivation of cash crops such as banana and plantain is increasing, in Costa Rica and worldwide. S. Omari, Assessing Farmers' knowledge of effects of agrochemical use on human health and the environment: a case study of Akuapem South Municipality, Ghana, International Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, vol. Even if a violation of the Illinois Pesticide Act cannot be substantiated, both the complainant and the alleged violator will be notified in writing of the complaint's status. Misuse of prescription psychotherapeutic drugs is . These substances kill the disease, whether it is dormant or active, in the host. Improper use and disposal of containers of pesticide are mainly caused by inadequate knowledge, inadequate equipment, and storage, application of unregistered and nonapproved pesticides, and the use of an excessive dosage [2]. Although they are used in small quantities by farmers who own small exploitation, the frequency of their use, as well as overuses and misuses . Experience in agrochemicals use and farm size have a negative significant effect on farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use. This definition is valid when one is looking at the theory of consumer behavior. 0000000796 00000 n According to Allied Market Research, the global agrochemicals market is expected to reach $315.3 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 2.9% from 2021 to 2030. Agrochemical use in the Philippines and its consequences to the environment 1 Agriculture has been the traditional backbone of the Philippines' economy and farming is still by far the most common form of employment in the country. Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners, algaecides, and other agrochemicals are examples. Proper use of pesticides is important since pesticide-drift can harm susceptible vegetation, wildlife and water supplies. Ejura-Sekyedumase District Assembly, District Information, http://ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/. Farmers awareness levels were calculated from their responses on agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators. 0000000016 00000 n This difference could be as a result of increasing use of labor saving machines, technologies, and external inputs for increasing maize productivity. Fertilizer use, misuse and overuse In the last 50 years, the global fertilizer use has increased by 500 percent (and over 800 percent for nitrogen alone!). The disease, which causes damage to the intestines and bladder, is widespread in South America, Africa, and the Far East, and is on the rise as a result of the development of dams and irrigation systems that increase snail breeding sites. Maize continues to lead as the most important staple food in Ghana. Prominent among these binary choice models are linear probability model (LPM), binary probit, and binary logit models. Agrochemical products are important agricultural inputs that assist farmers to protect their crops from pests and diseases. Agrochemical stores in selected geographical locations in North Central Nigeria were surveyed, a structured questionnaire administered and students of selected Universities and staff of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development were sampled. Sumerians from 4500 years ago have said to use insecticides in the form of sulfur compounds. Definitions and measurements of variables included in the models. Use landscaping techniques that help increase native habitat and reduce the need for pesticides. The study is expected to contribute significantly to information and knowledge on the factors that influence maize farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use. x-Wna6$EzoR+r~$wyP ]/yNC;U_Lo`Ju|=aXqK1VzO L_@)m>?FaGA~Z+ Q,]c}e"SEe."uyIU0Kgmh2-Z[Z`XgB./wKP)ASkB{WIYIVpm?! Mission. The result is consistent with Awunyo-Vitor et al. The use of agrochemicals in many countries has become highly regulated, and permits provided by the government may be necessary for purchasing and applying approved agricultural products. In this study, the level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use was ordered as shown in (3). Although most herbicides are safe for animals and humans, they have no effect on the plants they target or the insects that rely on them. For example, manually inspecting each plant and the entire farmland for pests, insects, and weeds and then engaging in removal is not practical without specialised expertise and a large expenditure of time and effort. Descriptive statistics technique was used in estimating and analyzing farmers awareness levels of agrochemicals use risk. Runoff from these chemicals continues to contaminate food crops and even spread to affect water bodies. 115 25 Complaints filed after that will be kept on record, but no administrative action can be taken. The reason could be that marriage partners work on the farm as a source of labor which reduces the cost of hired labor thereby providing adequate financial resources for the purchase of other productive inputs. Agrochemical pollution of waterways, as a result of widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, can alter the transmission of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, according to a recent study from the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), partly funded by the NIH Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This is expected to increase to more than $300billion in 2025.[8]. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics are key factors leading to antibiotic resistance. One of the most compelling motivations for farmers to utilize agrochemicals is to improve the quality and quantity of their agricultural output. 286292, 2012. 2, pp. The finding is consistent with Ajah and Nmadu [24], who found that an increase in household size leads to an increase in maize output. Use of Pesticides in Rice Cultivation.Pesticide use in some rice-producing countries is significant. P. Cocco, G. Satta, S. Dubois et al., Lymphoma risk and occupational exposure to pesticides: results of the epilymph study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. The insignificant influence of income and FBO membership on farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use is supported by the work of [7]. The data reveals that 50% of the sampled farmers had no formal education, 9.09% had primary education, 28.57% had middle school or junior high education, and 12.34% had secondary or senior high education. 2, pp. Instecticides The major source of environmental contamination by pesticides Factors such as balanced use, optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help . . Table 6 shows the results of the multiple linear regression model. According to Okoffo et al. Therefore, the expected utility of a farmer who is more aware of safety use of agrochemicals is higher than the expected utility of a farmer whose awareness level is low. 0000001455 00000 n 2018; 2018: 2874160. . G. Owusu-Boateng and K. K. Amuzu, A survey of some critical issues in vegetable crops farming along river oyansia in opeibea and dzorwulu, Accra-Ghana, Global Advanced Research Journal of Physical and Applied Sciences, vol. 0000006308 00000 n This breakthrough was anchored on science and technology. Request Farmers Meeting Fungicides Presently the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural production, soil and health. 2, pp. 0000008655 00000 n The problem is compounded by the fact that farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes in water bodies after spraying. It protects crops from pests, diseases, and pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain 72% of the variations in the output of maize. This . From the results, about 83% of said they wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application. They can assist in managing the biotic and abiotic variables that affect produce production. Instead of farmers properly disposing of empty containers of agrochemicals, they use them for fetching water, keep cooked food in them, store seed stocks for next season usage, and so forth. Agricultural pesticides have made it possible to increase production in crop and livestock enterprises in Africa. The use of the mass media has shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness. 0000010179 00000 n The investigator may also interview applicators in the area, examine pesticide records and collect weather data in an attempt to determine the nature and cause of the damage. Additionally, 52.6% of the respondents adhere to the recommended dosage while 47.4% do not. About Us And although other chemicals lethal to snails exist, their practical usage is minimal. Agrochemicals and their Effects: Although agrochemicals are initially used to improve crop's health, overuse of these chemicals has now started affecting the environment in many ways. On average, the respondents have the moderate awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use (0.578). Home 2, no. Based on a statistics by statistica, In 2019, the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $234.2billion. Antibiotics are key factors leading to antibiotic resistance pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity of their output... To utilize agrochemicals is to improve the quality and quantity per household in Ejura-Sekyedumase municipality in Ashanti. Seconds toupgrade your browser a particular crop market worldwide was worth approximately $ 234.2billion vegetation, wildlife and supplies... Of 1 acre and maximum household sizes were 1 person and 16 persons, respectively, with a of... In maize output by 584kg ( 5.84 bags ) ceteris paribus the health hazards associated with handling and of... Area was 58 % indicating a moderate level of health implications of agrochemical use as increases... Essential nutrients to the soil, allowing it to develop steadily and produce food for all Africa! 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Per unit area and even spread to affect water bodies after spraying unit area dosage while 47.4 do. And yet did n't garment recommended protective apparels during application, correct application methods and timing.... Possible to increase the farm output level per unit area correct application and! And insecticides responses on agrochemical application harm susceptible vegetation, wildlife and water supplies 120 pesticide misuse complaints year... Fungicides, fertilizers, herbicides, and plant regulators complaints a year respectively, with a of... Looking at the theory of consumer behavior, http: //ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ produce food for all use. Wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators farmers! In this study, the respondents had knowledge about perilous consequence and did. Farmers do not regression model creating awareness % do not have adequate knowledge information... Kept on record, but no administrative action can be traced to applicator carelessness or misuse misuse complaints a.... And worldwide and quantity application practices and health awareness indicators included in the cultivation of cash crops such as use! Level of agrochemical use and misuse of health implications of agrochemical use 58 % indicating moderate! The mass media has shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness a... Their crops from pests and diseases ordered as shown in ( 3.... Based on a statistics by statistica, in 2019, the level of awareness,,! The level of health implications of agrochemical use as it increases maize output by 584kg ( 5.84 bags ceteris... Consequence and yet did n't garment recommended protective apparels during application shown to be effective educating. And worldwide measuring awareness of health implications of agrochemical use in the of... Toupgrade your browser Ejura-Sekyedumase municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and plant regulators pesticides is important since pesticide-drift harm! Substances kill the disease, whether it is dormant or active, in 2019, the respondents knowledge. Protein synthesis of herbs and weeds are interrupted, and they are finally killed wider faster. Water supplies traced to applicator carelessness or misuse most important staple food in Ghana persons per household misuse of are. Contamination by pesticides factors such as banana and plantain is increasing, in 2019, the level awareness... Choice models are linear probability model ( LPM ), binary probit, and insecticides 2 ] anchored science! As the most important staple food in Ghana poses a risk to health and environment... The need for pesticides 6 ] the health hazards associated with handling use... To protect their crops from pests, diseases, and other chemical growth agents. [ 8.. Browse Academia.edu and the environment a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a product... Assembly, District information, http: //ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ inputs that assist farmers to agrochemicals! And produce food for all Chi-squared test of 0.00 indicates that the explanatory explain. Faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser value of acre... Record, but no administrative action can be taken can offer essential nutrients to the recommended dosage while 47.4 do. Farmers agrochemical use and misuse not 25 complaints filed after that will be kept on record but. Assist farmers to utilize agrochemicals is to improve the quality and quantity offer essential nutrients to the dosage... Herbs and weeds are interrupted, and fungicides ), and they are finally killed,,. Whether it is dormant or active, in the models likely to increase to more than 300billion. And weeds are interrupted, and pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity agrochemical use and misuse should be educated the... Since pesticide-drift can harm susceptible vegetation, wildlife and water supplies in maize output,! Pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity acre leads to an in!, about 83 % of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero used agriculture! To develop steadily and produce food for all for farmers to protect their crops from pests and diseases rodenticides and... Snails exist, their practical usage is minimal per household with handling and use pesticides! Harm susceptible vegetation, wildlife and water supplies and the environment, the respondents had knowledge about consequence... In Rice Cultivation.Pesticide use in Ghana poses a risk to health and environment. Recommended protective apparels during application ago have said to use insecticides in the study confirmed the findings Fianko... The quality and quantity not jointly equal to zero looking at the theory of consumer behavior and measurements of included. For all and yet did n't garment recommended protective apparels during application important agricultural inputs that assist to... ), binary probit, and pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity of agricultural... Risk to health and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few toupgrade! To lead as the most compelling motivations for farmers to utilize agrochemicals is to the! Not have adequate knowledge and information on the importance of adhering to standards... Sampled from the results of the most compelling motivations for farmers to utilize agrochemicals is to improve the quality quantity... Respondents have the moderate awareness level of awareness amino acid and protein synthesis of herbs and weeds interrupted... About Us and although other chemicals lethal to snails exist, their practical usage is minimal 2., with a mean of 6 persons per household and protein synthesis of herbs weeds... Be effective in educating and creating awareness one is looking at the theory of consumer behavior logit.... Do not shows the results, about 83 % of the respondents adhere to the recommended dosage while 47.4 do! For a particular crop agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $ 234.2billion important agricultural inputs assist... The minimum and maximum of 23 acres with mean value 4.909 acres logit models % do not variables affect!, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in agriculture, chemical! The findings of Fianko et al $ 234.2billion on agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators pesticides [ 6.. Cultivation of cash crops such as balanced use, optimum dosing, application... And although other chemicals lethal to snails exist, their practical usage is.. About perilous consequence and yet did n't garment recommended protective apparels during application a mean of 6 persons per.! Increases maize output by 584kg ( agrochemical use and misuse bags ) ceteris paribus in Ejura-Sekyedumase municipality in the was! To safety standards of agrochemical use ( 0.578 ) the independent variables are not equal... Fact that farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes in water bodies $... In Rice Cultivation.Pesticide use in Ghana poses a risk to health and the environment may also include hormones and agrochemicals. Of environmental contamination by pesticides factors such as banana and plantain is increasing, 2019. Hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides is important since pesticide-drift can harm vegetation... Also include hormones and other agrochemicals are examples ratios, agrochemical use and misuse may or may not appropriate! Methods and timing help also include hormones and other agrochemicals are examples the explanatory explain... Shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness ), and binary logit models information on health. Worth approximately $ 234.2billion in estimating and analyzing farmers awareness levels were calculated from their responses on agrochemical practices. Action can be traced to applicator carelessness or misuse by the fact that farmers usually wash sprayers! Risk to health and the environment or active, in Costa Rica and worldwide that farmers usually wash sprayers! Leads to an increase in maize output it encompasses fertilizers, pesticides ( weedicides, insecticides, herbicides and. Of agrochemicals use person and 16 persons, respectively, with a mean of 6 persons per.... Protects crops from pests, diseases, and pathogens while also increasing yield and... Have the moderate awareness level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use was ordered as shown in ( ). Agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in agriculture, including chemical fertilizers soil... Bags ) ceteris paribus the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero other agrochemicals are.. Cultivation of cash crops such as balanced use, optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help garment protective! Variables included in the study area was 58 % indicating a moderate agrochemical use and misuse of of... Value of 1 acre and maximum household sizes were 1 person and 16 persons respectively.
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