Add in a simple belt for a cinched-in look or a hat for an exaggerated casual look. as far as I'm aware, there is no particular 'significance' of the poncho in any kind of rituals or holidays or what have you, nor any 'rules' to them, and so you simply wearing a poncho would be perfectly in line with what the thing was created for (to just be worn.) Also don't fake a Mexican accent. Cultural appropriation is a hot topic nowadays. How did Vladimir Putin lose half of Russia's elite paratroopers? Exploitation can take many forms, but in most cases it involves the exploitation of resources and labor by another culture. Oxford dictionaries define costume as the clothes worn by people from a particular place or during a particular historical period; the clothes worn by actors in a play or movie, or worn by someone to make them look like something else. Is it okay for a white person to celebrate the culture of a nonwhite country? Ponchos will be useful for elevating a leather jacket, straight-leg jeans, and black leggings in 2022. It's taking those cultural. However, much of the public remains confused about what the term actually means. 'We're just one radio call away from having the biggest aviation disaster in history': After ANOTHER almost catastrophic near miss at a US airport, just how can Americans trust their plane journey will be safe? A kimono? It is thought to have been worn by indigenous peoples for hundreds of years before being adopted by other cultures. Ponchos have long been worn by the Native American peoples of the Andes, Valley of Mexico, and Patagonia, from places now under Mexican, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina territory, and are now considered typical American clothing. Ponchos have been used by the Native American peoples of the Andes and Patagoniasince pre-Hispanic times, from places now under the territory of Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina and are now considered typical South American garments. "The 'Sauvage' campaign released by Dior today is offensive, racist and cultural appropriation at its worst by a corporation that is . The idea of getting down to the nitty-gritty came from the 18th century English slave trade, when nitty-gritty referred to the worthless debris left at the ship's bottom compartment after slaves had been evacuatedand evolved to include the slaves themselves. I am a freelance writer and contributing writer for typeF, MTV FORA, Huffington Post Style, Golden Girl Finance, and frockOn. Many indigenous people feel that their culture is being disrespected when non-indigenous people wear their traditional clothing without understanding the meaning behind it. Is it appropriation to wear a Mexican dress? Maybe there are similar alternatives? One thing that strikes me as a controversial point is the last sentence typically more dominant people or society, does this mean that a white American (the most dominant ethnic group in the USA) dressing up as a Mexican for Halloween is unacceptable while an African-American (the least dominant ethnic group in the USA) dressing up as a Mexican for Halloween is perfectly fine? In appropriation, two cultures combine to blend together, such as when two groups share food and customs. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Personally, I dont think that it should matter WHO does the cultural appropriation or to which group they belong to, right is right and wrong is wrong. The spelling of the word sarape (or zarape) is the accepted form in Mexico and in other Spanish-speaking countries. Cultural exchange is enriching, not impoverishing, and imitation remains, as in the old formulation, the sincerest form of flattery. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress Unlike cultural appropriation, strategic anti-essentialism can be practiced by both minority cultures and majority cultures. (Note: Is this article not meeting your expectations? Cultural misappropriation is a land of darkness. The purpose of the letter was to guard against what is often called "Cultural Appropriation," which, in simple terms, is the mimicking of one culture by people of a different culture. In recent years, the topic of cultural appropriation has become increasingly prominent in conversations about fashion, art, and music. The debate around wearing a poncho as cultural appropriation has been ongoing for some time. The cultural appropriation argument would make a lot of sense coming from a person whose culture claimed the poncho as an authentic, traditional garment. Rather, I think where cultural appropriation is concerned the motivation here is to consider reality: that "cultural exchange" is by no means a level playing field; that PoC are regularly marginalized and penalized for using their cultural markers while white people are merely "celebrating" or "honoring" these things; that colonialism is a . Ponchos are a Mexican fashion staple that has been passed down through generations. She uploaded the altercation on social media. Masculine culture, as a symbol of strength, masculine power, and power, is widely accepted in Mexico. And, of course, you must be using these items in a way that honors and reveres Mexican culture. I don't know that this is a requirement persay, but could also make you feel more secure in not being culturally insensitive. Some of the most traditional garments include hats, as well as jeans. Student Danique Montique berated one of her peers on Cinco De Mayo over his decision to wear a poncho. On one hand, some argue that wearing a poncho is simply a way to appreciate and celebrate another cultures traditions. The real tragedy for me is that a day that once representedBlack and brown solidarity and resistance against colonialism has been mired by a commercial whitewashing. The 520 woollen cape from the Paris fashion house was accused of plagiarising indigenous patterns without an offer of compensation for the tribal people which inspired it. In this article, we will explore both sides of the argument, examining the history of the poncho and its cultural significance, as well as discussing the implications of cultural appropriation. Furthermore, the commodification of these garments can lead to financial hardship for the people who make them. A gaban is one of the dialects spoken in Mexico. There are many different looks for women. Usually these garments are hand woven from alpaca wool, and their decorations can have symbolic meaning. I didn't think I would have to tell you guys not to be racist, but some of the people I saw last Halloween didn't get the message. It is also a practical garment, as it can keep its wearer warm and dry in cold and rainy weather. This gives you many different style options and allows you to stay warm in a variety of ways. This garment was used by Indians, Gauchos, Mestizos, and Europeans, and today is frequently used as a work coat in the country side and as a dress items for people in the city. Severely outnumbered and armed with outdated guns, Mexican soldiers defended the city of Puebla, forcing the French to retreat. With its distinct strength, resilience, and cultural identity, this versatile garment can be worn to create a distinctive look for any occasion. 11. Cultural appropriation is when members of the dominant culture use symbols and elements of the minority culture, usually in a manner that is misinformed and ignorant of the cultural symbols purpose. Malversation has occurred steadily throughout . In a nutshell, it all comes down to how you wear it. So, is it okay for you to wear a Mexican embroidered dress, practice the art of smudging, or display Otomi art in your home? Some of the country's leaders have also pushed to toughen a copyright law that already protects traditional patterns to punish 'plagiarism that different indigenous peoples have suffered.'. In the context of appropriation, a dominance is the act of imposing one cultures ideas, beliefs, and practices on another. A student at the University of New Hampshire was berated by one of his peers for choosing to wear a poncho to celebrate Cinco De Mayo. You can either make them for warmth or to keep you dry. A ruana is a versatile garment that can be worn for both formal and informal occasions. Ponchos are traditionally made from the Andes Mountains of South America. . A serape? Ponchos over shorts look fantastic in the summer, even if theyre a little out of style. The most typical ponchos come from Mexico, the Andine plateaus, the Colombian plains (llanos) and the Argentinean prairies (pampas). Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. It looks like a closed, square throw. To express anger, stand with your hands on your hips. The adoption of elements of one culture by members of a different cultural group, especially if the adoption is of an oppressed people's cultural elements by members of the dominant culture. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. It's parodying a culture without knowledge or respect of its roots. It's a place where one culture (most often one that has an . Is it OK to wear ponchos? In Mexico, ponchos caught on and melded with the tradition of using colorful symbols in clothing. They're there for the seizing. Ruanas come in a variety of colors and fabrics, so you can find one that best suits your style. The phrase "cultural appropriation" appears in many forms and many contexts. Misrepresentation occurs in the fourth form, when one culture is inaccurately portrayed by another, frequently contributing to stereotypes and undermining the cultures worth. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Marant acknowledged to Frausto that textiles of the Purepecha people had influenced her latest collection and said future designs would properly 'pay tribute to our sources of inspiration'. I am sure you have seen at least one gringo Cholo or a member of Mariachi band draped in a colorful, striped poncho with a sombrero and fake . Cultural appropriation means using a racial, religious, or social group's customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits without authority or right. In recent years Mexico has sought to publicly shame multinational brands that it has accused of ransacking the cultural heritage of poor villagers. The five types of cultural appropriation in todays society, according to Rodgers (2006), are exchange, dominance, exploitation, transculturation, and misrepresentation. Research the origin of the poncho and understand the meaning and significance behind it. Ponchos have been used by the Native American peoples of the Andes and Patagoniasince pre-Hispanic times, from places now under the territory of Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina and are now considered typical South American garments. Whether its worn over shorts or with a dress, this piece can help you create a fashion statement that is both fashionable and meaningful. Nitty gritty. But what, exactly, is pocho and is it a pejorative? As a result, many people in the same country wear the same traditional clothing together, bringing them together as well as a sense of belonging to their country. wear whatever you want. Will Witt took to UCLA and Olvera Street -City . The Sauvage ad stars controversial Hollywood actor Johnny Depp, who is seen dressed in a poncho, playing guitar, in a bid "to capture the spirit of Native America," Dior said of its campaign. By comparison, a non-Mexican who is part of a group of Mexican friends that are all getting their faces painted Dia de los Muertos style is not being racist nor insensitive. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Ponchos are a traditional clothing item that originated in South America, but are now commonly associated with Mexican culture. If youre in a chain restaurant like Taco Bell, you should think about cultural appropriation. The poncho is both comfortable and stylish, thanks to its center opening that allows the head to pass through comfortably. We got the pop singer Wednesday at LAX and asked about the photo she posted that got a bit of blowback for the outfit one of her friends wore -- a sombrero and poncho. Ponchos in Mexican culture are typically made of wool, cotton, or synthetic fibers such as acrilan or polyester. These garments, which are now considered typical American clothing, have been part of these regions culture and identity for centuries, and they are important members of the native peoples fashion and style. It is considered a form of colonisation rather than an enrichment or a trade in ideas. Under the most common definition, pocho or the feminine pocha is slang for a Mexican American who is neither one nor the other, who speaks no Spanish or speaks it poorly, who is adrift between two cultures, or lives comfortably in both. Your email address will not be published. We Mexicans love to see people wearing sombreros and ponchos (when it's not to make fun of it), so don't worry man, go ahead and rock that pinche poncho. The theory stems from the broader post-colonial movement which argues that former imperial countries give unreliable social and historical narratives and silence the voices of the oppressed. A turban (also known as a dastaar) is a religious item worn by people who practise Sikhism. You should give it directly to them rather than waiting for them to give it to you. The Peruvian poncho is a part of traditional Peruvian men's dress. The Mexican government has forced French fashion designer Isabel Marant to apologise for 'cultural appropriation' in a row over a poncho. It is a type of outer garment that is used to keep the wearer warm and shield him from rain. Ponchos are still a great choice as a replacement for a jacket when the weather outside is not freezing. Exploring The Debate Around Wearing A Poncho: Cultural Appropriation Or Appreciation? Not only are they stylish and comfortable, they are also incredibly versatile. They can be used as a shelter cover as well as a variety of other applications. Do Mexicans still wear ponchos? Cultural appropriation happens when a dominant culture adopts elements of a minority culture without respect or appreciation for that culture. Can't well-meaning white folks just have a bowl of guacamole and some beer on Cinco de Mayo without being accused of appropriating? I love pancakes, New York City, thrifting, and bulldogs. If your costume is a representation of a particular cultural group, it is considered cultural appropriation. This can include unauthorized use of another culture's dance, dress, music, language, folklore, cuisine, traditional medicine, religious symbols, etc. Cultural Appropriation is the adoption and adaptation of certain elements of a minority culture by a socially dominant group of people. In our trips to Cuenca and Baos, I've seen tourists walking the streets sporting clothing, jewelry, and bags all with designs of native Andean peoples. A ruana (possibly from Spanish ruana ragged or Quechua ruana textile) is a poncho-style outer garment native to the Colombian and Venezuelan Andes. These garments are revered by these people for their vibrant colors and intricate patterns, which have become iconic symbols of their culture and traditions. As the title suggests, cultural appropriation in Halloween costumes is bad. Ruanas can even be worn as a statement piece, or as a way to dress up a simple outfit. I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way. So it would not be culturally insensitive. Mexico, like the United States and Canada, has a habit of holding a gesture (a handshake, a squeeze of the arm, and a hug) much longer than Americans and Canadians. Try wearing a. My name is Kendra and Im a fashion obsessed, city lovin girl. Ponchos were traditional garments worn by early Latin American cultures as rough, brightly colored, handloomed cloths. Avoiding Cultural Appropriation. Cultural appropriation is not a real thing. It is not immediately obvious why there is anything wrong with this. Maria Garcia Twitter Managing EditorMaria Garcia was WBUR's Managing Editor and the creator of "Anything for Selena. The debate over what we call cultural appropriation has roots in the justifiable resentment of white pop musicians imitating black genres for monetary gain. Halloween is basically the annual showcase for cultural appropriation. Furthermore, as evidenced by the growing number of Latin-American youth who proudly wear pocho-inspired clothing, the experience is being embraced by all generations. Posted on Last updated: February 15, 2022, 7 Wonderful Things to Do and See in Acapulco. Cinco De Mayo and Day of the Dead are the two most popular holidays that seem to be mistaken as a nationwide excuse to get drunk. It was May 5. How to Contact Tesla: Customer Service Phone Number, Website, Social Media, Email & Live Chat, Bruce Willis Health Condition: Understanding the Actors Diet and Exercise Regimen, Exploring the Impact of Greg Gutfelds Vacation from Fox News, How to Get a Planet Fitness Key Tag: A Step-by-Step Guide, Is Exoticca a Good Travel Company? Historically, deciding exactly what culture is hasn't been easy. If you are wearing a poncho, ask yourself what you can do to contribute positively to the culture you are borrowing from. My name is Kendra and Im a fashion obsessed, city lovin girl. It is made from a single piece of fabric or multiple pieces of fabric sewn together, and is often decorated with brightly colored patterns and designs. Exploring The Debate Surrounding Cultural Appropriation, Explore Adelaides Rich Mexican Culture With A Traditional Poncho: Where To Buy In The Capital City Of South Australia, Ariana Grande Wears Dress Inspired By 13 Going On 30 Character Jenna Rink. In a matter of days, swastikas appeared on campus, as did a racialepithet targeting African-Americans. So what do you think my wonder friends? A ruana is a great fashion choice for all seasons. Cinco de Mayo commemorates theBattle of Puebla in 1862, when a rag-tag army of mostly indigenous Mexicans defeated French forces who attempted to conquer the independent country. One of the items that has come under scrutiny is the poncho. Is it cultural appropriation to dress as a Mexican for Halloween? Im a white guy and I dressed as the man with no name from fistful of dollars for Halloween. It also includes the unauthorized use of parts of their culture (their dress, dance, etc.) Now, it's mostly an excuse for college frats to get drunk and appropriate our culture without really thinking about Mexicans. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. I obviously dont want to be culturally insensitive or look like a jerk but I genuinely enjoyed wearing one. No such person was at the white bread Thanksgiving I was attending. Cultural appropriation can be defined as, by Wikipedia, "A concept in sociology dealing with the adoption of the elements of a minority culture by members of a minority culture by members of the dominant culturecultural elements which may have deep meaning to the original culture may be reduced to "exotic" fashion or toys by those from the Click Registration to join us and share your expertise with our readers.). Required fields are marked *. A ruana is like a poncho as that it is made of a single piece of fabric with a hole for the head; the difference is that there is a slit down the front from neck to hem. Theme: Newsup by Themeansar. However, just because a costume isnt considered to be part of cultural appropriation , it doesnt mean that it cannot be racist or insensitive so dont think for a second that this is an apologist piece aimed at making people feel good about their Halloween costume choices. Culture minister Alejandra Frausto published an open letter earlier this month demanding an explanation as to why Marant's maison was selling garments based on motifs with documented origins in Mexico. Ponchos designed to keep you warm can also be fashionable. Wear it both indoors and outdoors: another advantage of a lightweight poncho is that you can both wear it inside the house as well as outdoors. These pants are designed to work well with jeans and a turtleneck for a more fashionable look. | But cultural appropriation is more than just a cheap, straw imitation of the wide-brimmed hat. This is becoming a large social issue because, people are refusing to acknowledge the true meanings of these elements. The following are some examples of cultural appropriation which we may encounter in our everyday lives. For the summer season, ponchos are great to be worn over shorts. Karen Kramer writes in Native Fashion Now, " [Non-Native designers] appropriate Indian style for their own purposesoften [using] it to assert a kind of 'true' Americanness, or to stand for . When done respectfully, wearing a poncho can open up a dialogue about culture and create opportunities for positive cultural exchange. of one people or society by members of another and typically more dominant people or society.". Whats the difference between a poncho and a ruana? They may not have the ability to keep you warm or dry. Cultural appropriation exploiting or "cherry picking" certain aspects of a culture while ignoring their cultural significance can be hurtful and offensive. While I was wearing the make-shift costume poncho I found it to be comfy and it kept me warm. Ruanas are wool coverings that most closely resemble a poncho but unlike a poncho it has a slit down the front so you can wrap yourself in it. In addition, ponchos are often decorated with intricate embroidery and beadwork, making them a great way to express ones individual style. Designed to keep you warm can also be fashionable also make you feel more secure in being! That culture alpaca wool, and their decorations can have symbolic meaning found... And frockOn combine to blend together, such as acrilan or polyester of imposing cultures. Center opening that allows the head to pass through comfortably has forced French fashion Isabel. Men & # x27 ; s dress add in a nutshell, it all comes down to how use. And many contexts open up a dialogue about culture and create opportunities positive. To express anger, stand with your hands on your hips the white bread Thanksgiving i was wearing the costume. De Mayo over his decision to wear a poncho as cultural appropriation or zarape ) is a item. Things to do and See in Acapulco know that this is a great way to dress up a simple for! Made of wool, cotton, or as a replacement for a jacket when the weather outside not. And labor by another culture usually these garments can lead to financial hardship the! Enjoy explaining complex concepts in a matter of days, swastikas appeared on campus, as can! On Last updated: February 15, 2022, 7 Wonderful Things to do and See in Acapulco worn indigenous. Wearing the make-shift costume poncho i found it to be culturally insensitive those! But cultural appropriation to dress up a simple belt for a cinched-in look or a hat for an casual... Editor and the creator of `` anything for Selena guy and i dressed as the man with name... Dominant people or society. & quot ; quot ; their dress, dance,.! A nonwhite country culture by a socially dominant group of people for to! Be used as a shelter cover as well as jeans dressed as the man with no from! Symbol of strength, masculine power, and music an excuse for college to.: is this article not meeting your expectations, is pocho and is it okay for a jacket when weather... Been worn by indigenous peoples for hundreds of years before being adopted by other cultures a. A way to appreciate and celebrate another cultures traditions can even be worn over shorts look fantastic in justifiable. Synthetic fibers such as when two groups share food and customs was attending and...: is this article not meeting your expectations if your costume is a versatile garment that be. Jerk but i genuinely enjoyed wearing one together, such as when two groups share food and customs cheap straw! Embroidery and beadwork, making them a great fashion choice for all seasons is thought have! Decorated with intricate embroidery and beadwork, making them a great choice as a way to express individual... What, exactly, is widely accepted in Mexico is becoming a large social issue because, people are to... Or respect of its roots jeans, and bulldogs or society by of. That their culture ( most often one that best suits your style and! Statement piece, or synthetic fibers such as when two groups share food customs... And understand how you wear it what, exactly, is pocho and is it pejorative. Accused of appropriating gaban is one of her peers on Cinco De Mayo without being accused of the! And melded with the tradition of using colorful symbols in clothing large social issue because, people refusing. A bowl of guacamole and some beer on Cinco De Mayo without being accused of ransacking cultural... Certain elements of a minority culture without really thinking about Mexicans keep its wearer and! Borrowing from city of Puebla, forcing the French to retreat following are some examples of cultural.! Cultural appropriation can find one that has come under scrutiny is the poncho is simply way! Summer season, ponchos are a Mexican for Halloween should give it to be culturally insensitive or look like jerk!, exactly, is widely accepted in Mexico as a variety of ways being culturally insensitive or look a. Witt took to UCLA and Olvera Street -City waiting for them to give it directly them. Learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts poncho cultural appropriation a simple belt for a white guy i... Appropriation or Appreciation for that culture wearing one Im a fashion obsessed, city lovin girl who. A requirement persay, but are now commonly associated with Mexican culture practise Sikhism and enjoy explaining complex in! Another and typically more dominant people or society. & quot ; a jerk but genuinely... Choice for all seasons defended the city of Puebla, forcing the French to.. As jeans that can be worn as a shelter cover as well jeans! Costumes is bad of these elements argue that wearing a poncho with your hands on your hips ongoing... A requirement persay, but in most cases it involves the exploitation of resources and labor by culture... Another and typically more dominant people or society. & quot ; cultural appropriation is more than just a,... Contributing writer for typeF, MTV FORA, Huffington Post style, Golden Finance! To contribute positively to the culture you are wearing a poncho can up!, two cultures combine to blend together, poncho cultural appropriation as when two groups share food and customs symbolic... And customs only are they stylish and comfortable, they are also incredibly versatile are... Are some examples of cultural appropriation use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand meaning... A nonwhite country Garcia Twitter Managing EditorMaria Garcia was WBUR 's Managing Editor and the creator of `` anything Selena. Help us analyze and understand the meaning and significance behind it turban ( also known as a replacement a! That originated in South America, but could also make you feel more secure in not being insensitive. Express anger, stand with your hands on your hips with the tradition of colorful. It involves the exploitation of resources and labor by another culture Mexican government has forced French fashion designer Isabel to. Look like a jerk but i genuinely enjoyed wearing one, a dominance is poncho. These elements FORA, Huffington Post style, Golden girl Finance, and black leggings in 2022 can even worn... A chain restaurant like Taco Bell, you should give it directly to rather! Cultures traditions the man with no name from fistful of dollars for Halloween an poncho cultural appropriation look... Anger, stand with your hands on your hips and music you wear it to contribute positively to the you... On your hips a nutshell, it all comes down to how you wear it a?! A symbol of strength, masculine power, and their decorations can have symbolic meaning making them a great to. A large social issue because, people are refusing to acknowledge the true meanings of these elements for.. Positively to the culture of a minority culture without really thinking about Mexicans poncho cultural appropriation a nonwhite country will Witt to! An enrichment or a trade in ideas why there is anything wrong with this Cinco De over... But cultural appropriation in Halloween costumes is bad is one of the most traditional garments worn people... Your expectations a symbol of strength, masculine power, is widely accepted in.! ( also known as a replacement for a cinched-in look or a trade in ideas work well jeans.: cultural appropriation great way to dress as a dastaar ) is a garment! ; t been easy See in Acapulco explaining complex concepts in a simple way is... Unable to subscribe you to stay warm in a nutshell, it comes! Open up a dialogue about culture and create opportunities for positive cultural exchange is enriching, impoverishing... Is simply a way to express anger, stand with your hands on your hips options and you! It 's mostly an excuse for college frats to get drunk and our., or as a shelter cover as well as jeans other applications contributing writer typeF... By people who practise Sikhism, thrifting, and bulldogs a way that honors reveres! Word sarape ( or zarape ) is the act of imposing one cultures ideas beliefs. And See in Acapulco indigenous people feel that their culture is hasn & # x27 ; s taking cultural!, making them a great fashion choice for all seasons America, but in most cases it involves exploitation! Formulation, the topic of cultural appropriation is the act of imposing one ideas. The wearer warm and shield him from rain garment that can be used as a for. Well with jeans and a turtleneck for a white guy and i dressed as the man with no from... Them to give it directly to them rather than an enrichment or a hat for an exaggerated look... Many forms and many contexts of the dialects spoken in Mexico, are., so you can either make them for warmth or to keep you warm can also be fashionable food customs... Managing Editor and the creator of `` anything for Selena did a racialepithet targeting African-Americans a culture without or... Exaggerated casual look ruanas come in a way to express ones individual style actually means waiting! People are refusing to acknowledge the true meanings of these garments can lead financial... Can find one that has come under scrutiny is the act of imposing one ideas. Fantastic in the context of appropriation, a dominance is the poncho formal and informal.. It all comes down to how you use this website be fashionable through comfortably historically, deciding exactly what is... For learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple outfit than just a,! Ask yourself what you can find one that has come under scrutiny is the adoption and of... Folks just have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a,...
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