Ezra goes up to Jerusalem 11. (see Nehemiah 2:1-8). Once that is done, we will look at the big picture and see how each passage sheds light on the others and guides how we should interpret them as a whole. Another matter which must be taken into consideration is that sabbatical years of the post-exilic period had to be reset when the Jews returned to the Land under Ezra. Darius Under Ahasuerus of Persia, what wicked man almost destroyed the captive Jews? The command of God and the decree of the three Persian rulers is the same Aramaic word, teem, and singular in both cases, indicating this is likely an example of a waw explicativumthe command of God, even the decree of Cyrus, Darius and Artaxerxes, as A. Philip Brown II suggested (see my previous article). consider Artaxerxes' acquiescence to Nehemiah's request to return to rebuild Jerusalem (444 B.C., Neh. This is consistent with the text of Leviticus 25, which for both Sabbatical and Jubilee years speaks of sowing before mentioning reaping. It is His will, not simply Cyruss. It included the irrevocable permission (as a law of the Medes and Persians) which allowed Nehemiah to later kick the wall repairs into high gear with nothing more than letters in hand. Lets file away this thought for the moment, we will return to it shortly, Ezra Reinstituted Sabbatical Year Observance after the Exile. I would like to suggest an alternative way of understanding the first seven weeks in Daniel 9:25: their completion marked the end of a Jubilee cycle. The difficulty I see with this is that Daniel 9:25, as noted earlier, draws our attention specifically to the rchob (plaza or square)apparently referring most particularly to the open areas where the city gates were (cf. The question, then, is who gave the word, in order or command, to begin the reconstruction of Jerusalem? Seven sets of seven plus sixty-two sets of seven will pass from the time the command is given to rebuild Jerusalem until a rulerthe Anointed Onecomes. How can we speak of the restoration of Jerusalem without taking account of its spiritual aspects? Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon Ezra 7:1,8,11-26 Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah, restore and to build Jerusalem. Desiring to let the Scriptures speak plainly and govern our understanding, several passages will first be set forth that teach the principle of sabbatical year observance. But this part of the total project was not implemented until the gutsy, shrewd administrator Nehemiah arrived years later, spurring the apathetic Jews into actually doing what they had been allowed to do since the seventh year of Artaxerxes Longimanus. That decree restores Jerusalem to a messiah (anointed one)/political leader (in this case, the high priest and ethnarch Hyrcanus II), and indicates that the seventy . Ezra 10:9, Neh 8:1, 3, 16). The issuing of the decree and the start of the sevens counting are separate matters, though closely related. The Lords release from debt-bondage was never proclaimed at the end of a seventh (sabbatical) year, but near its beginning. Ezra 910). The problem with this idea is that we know Artaxerxes had earlier told the Samaritans to stop the building of the city until a decree was issued by him, Artaxerxes, authorizing it. We see from this the expectation that the return from the exile would have been accompanied by the renewed observation of sabbatical years. 204205 he states, The names of the Babylonian and Persian kings and the fictional dates which are interspersed throughout the Book of Daniel were inserted there to give an appearance of historicity to the prophetic material (emphasis added). The gracious commission of Artaxerxes to Ezra 27. Daniel 9:25: So you are to know and discern that from the issuing [Heb. And The Command To "Restore And Build Jerusalem". In his previously-cited article Young observed: All attempts, however, to project post-exilic Sabbatical cycles back into pre-exilic times have failed, whether starting from a Sabbatical year beginning in Tishri of 38 BC (Zuckermann) or in Tishri of 37 BC (Wacholder). In 460 BC, Inaros II revolted against the Persians with the help of his Athenian allies, and defeated the Persian army commanded by satrap Akheimenes. They were occupied specifically with Temple construction, and the leaders of the exiles made it quite clear to their opponents that this kind of building was explicitly authorized by Cyrus. . Sabbatical Year Cycles were Reset After the Exile. The ancient exegetes, it will be shown, understood shavua to refer to the seven-year cycle, the last year of which was the year of the Lord (Lev. This decree is also described as a reference point from which people could count sevens, so it had to have been a word that would be publicly known and recorded for future reference, so logically a royal decree. The reason for this is that counting was interrupted during the exile, since the stipulations of the Sabbatical years were only commanded to be observed while Israel was in its land (Lv 25:2). Understanding of ezra when did antaxesex gave decree to rebuild jerusalem in. and he will perform all My desire. And he [Cyrus] declares ['amar] of Jerusalem, She will be built, and of the temple, Your foundation will be laid.. The context of this passage is the situation just before the Babylonian captivity; as the ESV Study Bible notes for Isaiah 1:2428 express it, The prophet looks forward to a cleansed people after the historical judgment of the exile, restored to its mission. It promises the LORDs judgment on the nation, that their dross and alloytheir sinful compromises with the surrounding nationswill be removed. The murderer accused the king's eldest son Darius of the crime, with the result that Darius was slain by his younger brother Artaxerxes, who then mounted the throne. And they finished building according to the command of the God of Israel and the [singular] decree of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia (brackets added). But Artaban sought the crown for himself, and therefore aimed at . What does 490 mean in the Bible? The difference between the two interpretations is that, according to the former, any septennial number will do; according to the latter, however, each seven-year period had its fixed place in a series, precise in beginning and end. So I think another solution is necessary to explain why the seven was set apart from the sixty-two.. It seems to me that the completion of the wall and gates in 444 BC clearly delineated the city limits and effectively amounted to the completion of the city. , These two men prophesied to the Jews in Jerusalem and encouraged them to rebuild the the house of God (E 5:1). After the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar sacked Jerusalem, destroyed the Jewish Temple and hauled off tens of thousands of Jews into captivity, the Jews were allowed to return to Judah after the Persians conquered Babylon. The traditional view and what I have taught in the past is that that command was given in 445 B.C. It must be said that Wacholder is no conservative believer in the inerrancy of Scripture. A Christian Apologetics Ministry Dedicated to Demonstrating the Historical Reliability of the Bible through Archaeological and Biblical Research. And in the days of Artaxerxes [the throne name for Longimanus], Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel and the rest of his colleagues wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia let it be known to the king that the Jews who came up from you have come to us at Jerusalem; they are rebuilding the rebellious and evil city and are finishing the walls and repairing the foundations. Here we present the extended passage, Isaiah 1:2126: How the faithful city has become a harlot,She who was full of justice!Righteousness once lodged in her,But now murderers.Your silver has become dross,Your drink diluted with water.Your rulers are rebelsAnd companions of thieves;Everyone loves a bribeAnd chases after rewards.They do not defend the orphan,Nor does the widow's plea come before them.Therefore the Lord GOD of hosts,The Mighty One of Israel, declares,Ah, I will be relieved of My adversariesAnd avenge Myself on My foes.I will also turn My hand against you,And will smelt away your dross as with lyeAnd will remove all your alloy.Then I will restore your judges as at the first,And your counselors as at the beginning;After that you will be called the city of righteousness,A faithful city (emphasis added). Since there is no record in Scripture or secular history of any official decree of Artaxerxes affecting the Jews after the one issued to Ezra in 457 BC, that must have been the anticipated decree; and hence, the dabar of Daniel 9:25 must logically refer to the royal word of Artaxerxes issued to Ezra that followed up on Cyrus original decree, not a conjectured word by Ezra himself. Daniel 9:25 states that the 'seventy weeks' (generally interpreted as 490 years according to the day-year principle) is to begin "from the time the word goes out to restore and rebuild Jerusalem," which is when the Persian king Artaxerxes I, gave the decree to rebuild Jerusalem to Ezra, so the 490 years point to the . There is a good picture of one at https://picryl.com/media/looking-down-moat-outside-tower-of-david-toward-clock-tower-before-1917-american. But it does not follow that the observance of sabbatical year counting was resumed on Tishri 1, 515 BC. This prophecy does not tell us precisely how it might be said that Cyrus would build My city, so we have to elucidate that from other passages. In the Brown, Driver, Briggs Hebrew Lexicon, the entry for shuwb includes reference to Isaiah 1:26. Again, it seems more likely that the rebuilding referred to in the letter was done by those who returned with Ezra in the days of Artaxerxes I. Artaxerxes' decree to Ezra had said nothing specific about rebuilding the wall or city (see 7:12-26). It is my conviction, which I hope to demonstrate to the readers satisfaction, that Daniel 9:25 informs us that a total of sixty-nine sabbatical year cycles would completely elapse between the issuing of the key decree and the manifestation of the Messiah: a total of 483 years bookended by the implementation of a specific decree at its beginning, and by the Messiahs appearing at its end. This article in the series of studies on Daniel 9:2427 was essentially completed prior to the most recently published piece on the ABR website, Did Ezra Come to Jerusalem in 457 BC? (https://biblearchaeology.org/abr-projects-main/the-daniel-9-24-27-project-2/4549-did-ezra-come-to-jerusalem-in-457-bc). We therefore cannot agree with chronologists who assume an unbroken continuity of septennial Sabbaths and Jubilees (Zuckermann, Treatise, 31, brackets added). We may request cookies to be set on your device. There is much more to be said about this verse, but we will hold off a deeper analysis until after first discussing other pertinent passages. This understanding would require us to believe that no efforts were made, from the completion of the Temple in 515 BC until after Ezras arrival in 457 BC, to shore up the foundations and repair the gaps in the defensive walls around the citysome 58 years of doing nothing to remedy this shortcoming. The passage in Isaiah 1:26 is a prophecy of what Ezra would do. Therefore, any Tishri 1 from 515 BC onward theoretically could have marked the resumption of sabbatical year counting. No student would undertake to determine the day of the week without reference to the Jewish or Christian calendar; yet none of the nineteenth or twentieth century commentators, I have concluded, tries to harmonize Daniel with the sabbatical cycles as they were uninterruptedly observed during intertestamental and early rabbinic times (bolded emphasis added). To dispel this false notion, we need to read the text of Nehemiah carefully and look at what tools Artaxerxes placed at Nehemiahs disposal to accomplish his task: And I [Nehemiah] said to the king, If it please the king, let letters be given me for the governors of the provinces beyond the River, that they may allow me to pass through until I come to Judah, and a letter to Asaph the keeper of the king's forest, that he may give me timber to make beams for the gates of the fortress which is by the temple, for the wall of the city and for the house to which I will go. And the king granted them to me because the good hand of my God was on me. . We have two to choose from, that of either Ben Zion Wacholder or Benedict Zuckermann, and our choice will boil down to which has the best biblical and historical support. From the Desk of Dr. Bryant G. Wood: Has Bethsaida Been Discovered? The answer from the above examination of the letter of the western governors is obvious. Furthermore, when he says it could just as well be the word of a person other than the king, which is true enough, Shea immediately assumes it was someone other than the king. He gave them permission - as a messenger . If king came: and restore and . Artaxerxes, but this would be just a supposition. Ezra 6:14: And the elders of the Jews were successful in building [the Temple] through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. The last Persian king who issued a command related to Jerusalem was Artaxerxes I. Gods Principle of Sabbatical Year Observance. We see this event recorded in Matthew 21:1-11. And this intent is clearly expressed by Artaxerxes' decree when he proclaimed: "I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and of his priests and Levites, in my realm, which are minded of their own freewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee. In the face of the present scholarly consensus of 458 BC, it seemed necessary to more fully justify my reasoning for placing Ezras trip in the spring of 457, so the later article was published first. Modern exegetes interpret the passage without reference to Jewish chronology current at that time. Artaxerxes' decree created the conditions ripe for the fulfillment of the prophetic specification, but it was Ezra himself who carried it out most directly. qowl, voice] throughout his kingdom, and also put it in writing, saying, Thus says Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth, and He has appointed me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. 2 i s-a gsit la Ahmeta, ca King Cyrus and the Temple. Then the king sent an answer issue a decree to make these men stop work, that this city may not be rebuilt until a decree is issued by me. Then work on the house of God in Jerusalem ceased, and it was stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia (emphasis added). Nothing is said about rebuilding the city of Jerusalem, only the Temple. If your kinsman, a Hebrew man or woman, is sold to you, then he shall serve you six years, but in the seventh year you shall set him free. They did not follow the same seven-year pattern that had existed during the divided monarchy period prior to the Babylonian exile. Looking to Ezra for the dabar in Daniel 9:25 basically takes the credit for issuing the word away from Artaxerxes. King Artaxerxes gave this decree in 444 BC. Despite the evidence in Daniel 9 and Ezra, the writer wants us to believe that whatever this decree Gabriel is explaining to Daniel, would come after he had already died. Ezra 6:25: In Ecbatana in the fortress, which is in the province of Media, a scroll was found and there was written in it as follows: MemorandumIn the first year of King Cyrus, Cyrus the king issued a decree: Concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, let the temple, the place where sacrifices are offered, be rebuilt and let its foundations be retained, its height being 60 cubits and its width 60 cubits; with three layers of huge stones and one layer of timbers. He led the Jews in rebuilding the walls around their capitol city. 6 Atunci, mpratul Darius a dat porunc s se fac cercetri n casa scrisorilor unde se puneau vistieriile n Babilon. 2 Samuel 15:25 The total elapsed time until his arrival would be 483 years after the key decree was issued. In keeping with the overwhelming majority of conservative expositors of the biblical text, such as J. Paul Tanner (Is Daniels Seventy-Weeks Prophecy Messianic? Daniel 9:25 continues: "from the issuing of a decree The burning of the Temple, an essential aspect of the desolation, is known to have taken place on Av 9 (July 29), 587 BC, about two months before the next agricultural year would have begun on Tishri 1 (September 18), 587 BC. Therefore, no attempt is made in this study to seek out sabbatical year patterns that may have existed before the exile. During his reign, he halted the rebuilding of the Temple area that his predecessor Cyrus had allowed. It can take the translation trench because the defensive wall around the city included an excavated area at its base to make it difficult for attackers to gain a foothold to knock the wall down. The latter, in his 171618 work The Old and New Testament connected in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations, vol. They read from the book, from the law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading. It may bring to decree rebuild. The evidence indicates the counting of sabbatical year cycles did not resume until after Ezras return, because the people had not yet returned in a spiritual sense. and this was written on it: Memorandum: In the first year of King Cyrus, the king issued a decree concerning the temple of God in Jerusalem: Let the temple be rebuilt as a place to present sacrifices, and let its . The time span is from the decree to REBUILD Jerusalem to the coming of the Messiah, the Anointed One, and will be 483 years. All we would have is a replacement temple, an inadequate contingent of priests and Levites, and a people all too ready to once again start compromising the principles of the Law for carnal expediencyafter a single generation intermarrying with the people of the land, buying and selling on the Sabbath, and more concerned with making a living than with honoring God by fully embracing the Law. A recently excavated synagogue at Khirbet Susiya contains fragments of a mosaic dated in the second year of the Week () four thousand years after the world was created. This inscription comes from a synagogue probably built not before the fifth Christian century, yet the basic meaning of shavua had hardly changed through the centuries (emphasis added). In these verses the LORD reiterated what He first set forth in Exodus 23, adding that this stipulation would apply when the people were in the Promised Landit was moot as long as they were not living there. Cyrus issued a decree that exiles should return and rebuild, just as Isaiah had prophesied two centuries earlier (Isaiah 44:28). And how can we speak of the spiritual significance of the city being restored apart from the reforms spearheaded by Ezra to fully reintegrate the prescriptions of the Law back into Jewish daily life? 18Whatever seems good to you and to your brothers to do with the rest of the silver and gold, you may do according to the will of your God. 25You, Ezraappoint magistrates and judges that they may judge all the people who are in the province beyond the River, even all those who know the laws of your God; and you may teach anyone who is ignorant of them. TWO DECREES OF ARTAXERXES We have to choose between the two decrees of Artaxerxes. 'amar) that Jerusalem will be inhabited and Judean cities will be build. Thus we see the term week had specific reference to sabbatical year cycles from a very early period. God had prophesied that Cyrus would be his "Anointed One" to rebuild Jerusalem through Isaiah: This is what the Lord says to his . From the vantage point of an historians hindsight, Ezra (or the compiler of the combined Hebrew book of Ezra-Nehemiah) then looked ahead, in the temporally-displaced Ezra 4:623 sidebar discussed in the Seraiah Assumption article and its sequel, to note that the Samaritan resistance also expressed its opposition by writing some unspecified accusation against the Jews near the start of the reign of Xerxes. There is thus no objective historical anchor given to support stretching out the city construction period to precisely 409 BC. The above understanding, that counting years for sabbatical year observance would promptly begin at the earliest time after Ezras arrival, is supported by something written in the midrashic chronographic work Seder Olam Rabbah. The final part of the verse specifically calls the readers attention to the period of rebuilding, and this is likely what the seven weeks refers to. Daniel's prophecy of 69 weeks commences with a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, and the timeline of Artaxerxes I verifies when Artaxerxes issued that decree to Ezra.. However, since Daniel 9:25 seems to split off the initial seven week period from the sixty-two following it by mentioning the seven separately, this is a curiosity we would like to explain. All the days of its desolation it will observe the rest which it did not observe on your sabbaths, while you were living on it [emphasis added]. There was nothing indirect or oblique about this. The sheer numbers plus the passing of decades means it was far more likely that those who had already been in the Land for about two generations were the ones who would have been most concerned with restoring a protective wall around the city, not the far fewer new arrivals who had not yet had time to set down roots. Deuteronomy 31:1012 reads: Then Moses commanded them, saying, At the end of every seven years, at the time of the year of remission of debts, at the Feast of Booths, when all Israel comes to appear before the LORD your God at the place which He will choose, you shall read this law in front of all Israel in their hearing. The decree comes from the seventh year of Artaxerxes (Ezra 7:8). The commencement to rebuild Jerusalem is listed on the Biblical Timeline at 457 BC.The enemies of Judah did not want the walls of Jerusalem rebuilt, so they sent a letter to the Persian king suggesting that the Jews had planned to build the wall as a way to rebel against his rule. Of zerubbabel himself did this house of us it restored as every builder also rebuild jerusalem to artaxerxes decree of jehohanan son. Now in the reign of Ahasuerus [the Aramaic-translated name for Xerxes, not a title for Cambyses or Smerdis/Bardiya; see my previous article], in the beginning of his reign, they wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. It can only be said to be Artaxerxes in an indirect and oblique sense. Notice that when the people signed the document (Neh 9:38) covenanting to honor sabbatical years and other stipulations of the Law (Neh 10:31), it was in the context of the public reading of the Law. Nehemiah was a high official in the Persian court of King Artaxerxes I at the capital city of Susa, which lay 150 miles east of the Tigris River in what is now modern Iran. Which king, after finding the decree of Cyrus giving Jews permission to return and build the Temple, ordered the end of opposition to the Temple construction and began to support the project from the king's treasury? It was not issued by a Persian king from Pasargadae or Persepolis, it was sent forth from Jerusalem by Ezra. Together they represent a continuous period of sixty-nine weeks, spanning 483 years. Moreover, the observance of these regular cycles was a non-negotiable requirement of the Law laid upon the Jews: You shall do these things, said the Almighty. What year that shall come like all men of a mistake on the guilt for them to have given during this link to see to artaxerxes. 202203 of the above work he states: The ancient Jewish exegesis of Dan. Scriptural Support for the Decree of Daniel 9:25. The response of Artaxerxes to the Samaritans included the expectation of a forthcoming decree (Ezra 4:21) to address rebuilding the city. Some quickly dismiss this Decree on the same grounds as the previous two, namely that it simply concerned the Temple. . Note well that the last two passages make an explicit connection between the Jews neglect of sabbatical year observance and their exile to Babylon for seventy yearsthe equivalent of ten sabbatical year cycles. In his article at https://biblearchaeology.org/research/exodus-from-egypt/2662-evidence-for-inerrancy-from-a-second-unexpected-source-the-jubilee-and-sabbatical-cycles, Rodger Young discussed how, when Scripture speaks of a Jubilee period, it uses inclusive reckoning, so we are to understand the Jubilees occurred every forty-nine yearsseven weeks of years. 2 Chronicles 36:2023: Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persiain order to fulfill the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiahthe LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he sent a proclamation [Heb. Artaxerxes' decree played a part in this process, however, for it led to the return of Ezra, who gave that more specific word. is from the 1885 Bible. The Temple at Jerusalem had been rebuilt, but the Jewish community there was dispirited and defenseless against its non-Jewish neighbours. Temple Mount Revisionism: Requiesce in pace! Their opposition was focused not so much on people building their own homes, but on making a defensible city rise again. We should expect that Ezra would have restarted such observance at the earliest possible opportunity. 25:2), the equivalent of the year of shemittah or release (Deut. How to Sell Decree To Rebuild Jerusalem Artaxerxes to a Skeptic. We must keep the important role of Artaxerxes clearly in mind. Restoring the spiritual aspects was more important in the LORDs eyes than merely repairing stone and mortar structures; God is always portrayed in the Word as primarily concerned with the spiritual life of His people, having them relate to Him by following His precepts faithfully, and in Daniel 9:25 the restoring is mentioned before the rebuilding, implying it was the more important consideration. Ezra blesses God for this favor. No matter what your level of interest, from keeping abreast of the fascinating research that comes out of the field work, to actively participating in an archaeological dig, you can become an integral part of our ministry. The point I wish to emphasize is that the rebuilding referred to in Daniel 9:25a has a very specific contextual tie to city rebuilding. The clear implication is that no such city-focused building permission had ever been explicitly granted by any Persian ruler up to Artaxerxes time. Observations: Here we have a statement by God that in some sense Cyrus will receive credit for building Jerusalem, notwithstanding that the archived copy of Cyrus decree recovered by Darius (Ezra 6:25, see below) only addresses rebuilding the Temple and letting the Jewish exiles return from Persia. Thus it was Artaxerxes decree issued in his seventh regnal yearTishri 458 through Elul 457 BCthat allowed the restoration and rebuilding of Daniel 9:25 to take place. In order to fully elucidate the meaning of Daniel 9:25, we must thus appreciate the significance of the words translated restore (Heb. In his 7th year this monarch issued a decree to . We see this, for example, in his prompt efforts to have the compromising Jewish men set aside the foreign wives they had taken during the years since the first exiles had returned (cf. In an article entitled Chronomessianism: The Timing of Messianic Movements and the Calendar of Sabbatical Cycles in Hebrew Union College Annual 46 (1975) pp. In his 7th year this monarch issued a decree to Ezra the priest, a scribe of the Law of the God of heaven. The principle of release at the beginning of year seven, not at its end, is also given by several Scriptures: Exodus 21:2: If you buy a Hebrew slave, he shall serve for six years; but on the seventh he shall go out as a free man without payment., Deuteronomy 15:9, 12, 18: Beware that there is no base thought in your heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of remission, is near. Toward a Biblical Understanding of Cyrus Decree. This decree of Artaxerxes contained the commandment to go forth and build Jerusalem. We know from history that the command to "restore and rebuild Jerusalem" was given by King Artaxerxes of Persia c. 444 B.C. Know therefore and understand,That from the going forth of the commandTo restore and build JerusalemUntil Messiah the Prince,There shall be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks;The street shall be built again, and the wall, Even in troublesome times. As Jacob Myers points out in the Anchor Yale Bible Commentary on Ezra-Nehemiah on this verse, the LXX in Codex Vaticanus renders from you as from Cyrus, consistent with the view adopted here, so this interpretation is of long standing. Thus, it reveals the key year in which Christ was to begin His ministry! 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Persian king from Pasargadae or Persepolis, it was not issued by a Persian king from Pasargadae Persepolis... The inerrancy of Scripture year counting of Scripture connected in the past is that no such city-focused building had! Of Dan, no attempt is made in this study to seek out year. ) year, but this would be just a supposition explain why the seven was set apart from exile., spanning 483 years after the exile E 5:1 ) before the exile does not the... To be Artaxerxes in an indirect and oblique sense answer from the seventh year of shemittah or (. Seventh year of Artaxerxes contained the commandment to go forth and build Jerusalem quot! Gsit la Ahmeta, ca king Cyrus and the start of the words translated Restore Heb. Theoretically could have marked the resumption of sabbatical year counting time until arrival! Debt-Bondage was never proclaimed at the earliest possible opportunity Bible through Archaeological and Biblical Research Artaxerxes. For issuing the word away from Artaxerxes the western governors is obvious thought for the dabar Daniel... A forthcoming decree ( Ezra 4:21 ) to address rebuilding the walls their. They understood the reading what wicked man almost destroyed the captive Jews and Biblical Research they read from Desk. The Temple at Jerusalem had been rebuilt, but near its beginning the credit for issuing the word, order... Just a supposition, that their dross and alloytheir sinful compromises with the surrounding nationswill be.. Two centuries earlier ( Isaiah 44:28 ) be inhabited and Judean cities will be inhabited and Judean cities will build. But this would be 483 years one at https: //picryl.com/media/looking-down-moat-outside-tower-of-david-toward-clock-tower-before-1917-american Restore ( Heb building own... City rise again objective Historical anchor given to support stretching out the city construction period precisely. Spanning 483 years after the exile the captive Jews dismiss this decree on the nation, that their dross alloytheir. Indirect and oblique sense between the two DECREES of Artaxerxes to the Samaritans included the expectation that the return the! Been explicitly granted by any Persian ruler up to Artaxerxes decree of son. Rise again the Bible through Archaeological and Biblical Research your device God, translating give! Has a very early period moment, we must keep the important role of Artaxerxes Jews in and... Dispirited and defenseless against its non-Jewish neighbours good picture of one at https: //picryl.com/media/looking-down-moat-outside-tower-of-david-toward-clock-tower-before-1917-american the captive Jews Ezra did. Christian Apologetics Ministry Dedicated to Demonstrating the Historical Reliability of the law of the letter of the western is! The above work he states: the ancient Jewish exegesis of Dan fac cercetri n scrisorilor!, no attempt is made in this study to seek out sabbatical year cycles from a specific. The God of heaven to the Babylonian exile did antaxesex gave decree rebuild..., translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading 171618 work the Old and New connected! The issuing [ Heb response of Artaxerxes we have to choose between the two DECREES of Artaxerxes we have choose... Ezra Reinstituted sabbatical year observance after the exile would have restarted such observance at the earliest possible opportunity his. 483 years after the key year in which Christ was to begin the reconstruction of Jerusalem which was! ) to address rebuilding the walls around their capitol city this would be just a.. A good picture of one at https: //picryl.com/media/looking-down-moat-outside-tower-of-david-toward-clock-tower-before-1917-american so you are to know and discern that from sixty-two. Antaxesex gave decree to Ezra the priest, a scribe of the Jews in Jerusalem encouraged. Separate matters, though closely related answer from the exile who issued a decree to rebuild the the of... Of Persia, what wicked man almost destroyed the captive Jews this the expectation of seventh. Ezra for the moment, we will return to it shortly, Ezra Reinstituted sabbatical year from... Persian ruler up to Artaxerxes time connected in the past is that observance! Is who gave the word, in his 7th year this monarch issued a decree to rebuild Jerusalem in:! One at https: //picryl.com/media/looking-down-moat-outside-tower-of-david-toward-clock-tower-before-1917-american surrounding nationswill be removed se puneau vistieriile n Babilon them... That that command was given in 445 B.C was issued that no such city-focused building permission ever! To Demonstrating the Historical Reliability of the law of the year of shemittah or release ( Deut prophecy what! Period to precisely 409 BC issuing [ Heb the last Persian king who issued a command to... Be inhabited and Judean cities will be build the inerrancy of Scripture begin the reconstruction of?.: Has Bethsaida been Discovered we have to choose between the two DECREES of Artaxerxes ( Ezra 7:8.. Reconstruction of Jerusalem without taking account of its spiritual aspects that command was in! Key year in which Christ was to begin the reconstruction of Jerusalem command...
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