bryan's cross of gold political cartoon analysis

[94], Bryan's nomination divided the party. Afrocentrists, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution. He cared about politics and his religion equally. [5] It was not until 1834 that Congress acted, changing the gold/silver ratio to 16.002:1. Reprinted in The Annals of America, Vol. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. At 36 years old, with two terms in Congress and a failed 1894 run for Senate under his belt, Bryan was the party's most outspoken and effective champion of silver. The "Cross Of Gold" speech was a speech by William which helped propel the convention to nominate him as a Democratic presidential candidate. [1], Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. . Born Mark Elliot Zuckerberg May 14, 1984 (age 38) White Plains, New York, U.S. Education: Harvard University (dropped out) Occupations: Internet entrepreneur, philanthropist. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Updates? However, he lost the general election to William McKinley, and the United States formally adopted the gold standard in 1900. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. i. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. The Akron Journal and Republican, no friend to Bryan, opined that "never probably has a national convention been swayed or influenced by a single speech as was the national Democratic convention". Angered by Cleveland's actions in the labor dispute, and by his uncompromising stand against silver, Altgeld began to organize Democrats against Cleveland's renomination in 1896. On the night of July 8, William Jennings Bryan revealed himself as the candidate the silverites were looking for by delivering one of the most famous speeches in American history. 2023 The Granger Collection LTD d/b/a GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive. from Harper's Weekly, 18 July, 1896. Mr. McKinley was the most popular man among the Republicans ; and everybody three months ago in the Republican Party prophesied his election. [1], Bryan later described the silence as "really painful" and momentarily thought he had failed. He says that he wants this country to try to secure an international agreement. The silver men were thus in the hunt for a charismatic leader who would underpin what they already desperately wanted to believe. Question 9 30 seconds Q. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as described by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party. Edition of 10 (this copy is #5). Bryan wanted the United States to use silver to back . When McKinley and his advisers, such as industrialist and future senator Mark Hanna, realized that the views were more than transitory, they began intensive fundraising from corporations and the wealthy. How is it today? Document Analysis: "Cross of Gold" In 1896, three years after the "Panic of 1893", a man by the name of William Jennings Bryan delivered one of the most historical speeches to this day. In November he lost to the Republican candidate, William McKinley. The year 1894 saw considerable labor unrest. They went away apologetically, not having known Bryan sought the nomination. I am in favor of an income tax. The humblest citizen in all the land, when clad in the armor of a righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error. We do not come as aggressors. Mr. Jefferson, who was once regarded as good Democratic authority, seems to have a different opinion from the gentleman who has addressed us on the part of the minority. "[69] The gold men, during the address, paid close attention and showed their appreciation for Bryan's oratory. [21] He traveled widely, speaking to audiences across the nation. [32], The 1896 Democratic convention opened at the Chicago Coliseum on July 7, 1896. We reply that when we advocate a thing which we believe will be successful we are not compelled to raise a doubt as to our own sincerity by trying to show what we will do if we are wrong. After speeches on the subject by several U.S. Nevertheless, large crowds gathered outside the public entrances; the galleries were quickly packed. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal; and this has been a contest of principle. . The Cross of Gold speechwas delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representativefrom Nebraska, at the Democratic National Conventionin Chicagoon July 9, 1896. "[91] Bryan's words gave rise to later economic and political philosophies, including Huey Long's 1930s Share Our Wealth program, with its trigger phrase, "Every Man a King" inspired by Bryan's speech. [72] When Bryan resumed, his comparison of miner with miser again electrified the audience; the uproar prevented him from continuing for several minutes. Even so, in 1900, Congress passed the Gold Standard Act, formally placing the United States on that standard. In his "Cross of Gold" speech, Bryan argued that the debate over monetary policy was part of a broader struggle for democracy, political independence and the welfare of the "common man." Bryan's speech was met with rapturous applause and a celebration on the floor of the convention that lasted for over half an hour. This speech, delivered at the Democratic National Convention, helped win the Bryan, former Representative to Congress for Nebraska, the presidential nomination of the Democratic party. [Note on the recording: In 1896 recording technology was in its infancy, and recording a political convention would have been impossible. I say it was not a question of persons; it was a question of principle; and it is not with gladness, my friends, that we find ourselves brought into conflict with those who are now arrayed on the other side. Three months later, at Memphis, an organization was perfected, and the silver Democrats went forth openly and boldly and courageously proclaiming their belief and declaring that if successful they would crystallize in a platform the declaration which they had made; and then began the conflict with a zeal approaching the zeal which inspired the crusaders who followed Peter the Hermit. Some, wrote another reporter, like demented things, divested themselves of their coats and flung them high in the air. The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. [87] The pro-silver Cleveland Plain Dealer called Bryan's speech "an eloquent, stirring, and manly appeal". Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. Grant Hamilton cartoon for Judge Magazine on William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, July 9, 1896. His opponent, William Jennings Bryan (who Littlefield suggested was represented by the cowardly lion in The Wizard of Oz) was famous for his "Cross of Gold" speech. His sympathetic comparison contrasted the hardworking farmer with the city businessman, whom Bryan cast as a gambler. This takeover was considered far more important than was the choice of presidential candidate, and the committee decided to take no position on who should win the race for the nomination, reasoning that the victor, no matter who he was, would be a silver man. As a Democratic member of the Ways and Means Committee through two Congresses, Mr. Bryan was by all odds the ablest and strongest orator on the Democratic side of the House. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. 1896 speech by U.S. politician William Jennings Bryan in support of a bimetallic standard, William Jennings Bryan being carried on the shoulders of delegates after giving the speech, Also attributed to an 1892 speech by President, For additional detail on the political career of William Jennings Bryan before and during the 1896 campaign, see, For a fuller explanation of the procedures of American political conventions, see, Possible recording of the original speech, Audio excerpt of the speech later recorded by William Jennings Bryan, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896, United States presidential nominating convention, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896 General election campaign, Official Proceedings of the 1896 Democratic National Convention. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to a frenzy. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. Our ancestors, when but three millions in number, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation; shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to seventy millions, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? We defy them! American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. With a two-thirds vote of the delegates needed to nominate, almost every silver delegate would have to vote for the same candidate to assure success, though any organized support from gold delegates would greatly damage a silver candidate's chances. The Democratic Party wanted to create more upward mobility for people. We come to speak for this broader class of businessmen. Jones points out that though Bryan's speaking engagements were not deemed political by the standards of 1896, by modern measurements he was far more active in campaigning for the nomination than most of the better-known candidates.[29]. BRYAN: CROSS OF GOLD. It marked the first american victory over a European power. Bryan consented, on condition that his own time was extended by the same amount; this was agreed to. It was not in any concerted or open action, however, that Bryan had his strength; it was in the friendly predisposition of the mass of the delegates that he had hopes.[30]. McKinley won more easily than in 1896, making inroads in the silver West. One farmer in the gallery had been about to leave rather than listen to Bryan, whom he deemed a Populist; he had been persuaded to stay. 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[54] He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. Bryan, an advocate for free silver made a speech at the Democratic National Convention which became known as the "Cross of Gold" in his speech he spoke against the gold standard and for silver to be back as a monetary standard. We have begged, and they have mocked when our calamity came. [50], "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman lived up to his nickname with an incendiary address which began with a reference to his home state's role in beginning the Civil War. Shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to 70 million, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? Why this change? The person who gave the Cross of Gold speech was the orator and politician William Jennings Bryan. In 1896 William Jennings Bryan gave possibly his most famous speech, " The Cross of Gold" Speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. "[67] Harpine suggested that, "by appealing in such an uncompromising way to the agrarian elements and to the West, Bryan neglected the national audience who would vote in the November election". Latuff here in this cartoon is showing the uncaring of the president to the country. He then lowered them, descended from the podium, and began to head back to his seat as the stillness held. [83], The balloting began the following morning, July 10, with a two-thirds vote necessary to nominate. 28 Monday Mar 2016. Although Altgeld and his adherents urged voters to distinguish between Cleveland and his party, the Democrats lost 113 seats in the House in the 1894 midterm elections, the greatest loss by a majority party in congressional history. The bankers did not want loans repaid in an inflated currencythe gold standard was deflationary, and as creditors, they preferred to be paid in such a currency, whereas debtors preferred to repay in inflated currency. They tell us that this platform was made to catch votes. Bryan is arguing against the gold standard and so he isn't apt to paint gold in those idyllic terms. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of libertythe cause of humanity. In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. W.J. They have tried for thirty yearsthirty yearsto secure an international agreement, and those are waiting for it most patiently who dont want it at all. "[89] The New York Times disparaged Bryan as "the gifted blatherskite from Nebraska". [88] The St. Louis Post-Dispatch opined that with the speech, Bryan "just about immortalized himself". UPTO 50% OFF ON ALL PRODUCTS. [35] Well aware of the overwhelming forces against them, many gold delegates were inclined to concede the platform battle. Co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook, Inc.) Co-founder and co-CEO of Chan Zuckerberg Initiative . [45] The DNC's action could be reversed, but not until the convention's credentials committee reported. Mr. Ah. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic. His speeches impressed many; even some of his opponents later conceded that Bryan was the most compelling speaker they had ever heard. But note the change. Bensel ties the delegates' response to Bryan's address to their uncertainty in their own beliefs: In a very real sense, adoption of the silver plank in the platform was akin to a millennial expectation that the "laws of economics" would henceforth be suspended and that the silver men could simply "will" that silver and gold would, in fact, trade on financial markets at a ratio of sixteen to one. [99], Bryan's speech is considered one of the most powerful political addresses in American history. Handout 4: Cross of Gold Speech, one copy for each student Handout 4: Cross of Gold SpeechTeacher Answer Key Handout 5: Assessment, one copy for each student Five signs on large sheets of paper or cardstock with one of the following written on each: Inflation, Deflation, Gold Notes, Silver Notes, and Greenbacks. We are prepared to meet them on either issue or on both. Consciousness of grievances of years and not of months was reflected in the decisive action of the state Democratic conventions in the spring and early summer of 1896. Optional: [3], In the early 19th century, the economic disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars caused United States gold coins to be worth more as bullion than as money, and they vanished from circulation. But Bryan first wished to tie the silver question to a greater cause:[46][76], Upon which side will the Democratic Party fight; upon the side of "the idle holders of idle capital" or upon the side of "the struggling masses"? Cleveland issued a statement urging Democratic voters to support goldthe next convention to be held, in Illinois, unanimously supported silver; the keynote speaker prayed for divine forgiveness for Cleveland's 1892 nomination. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [28], Bryan believed that he could, if nominated, unite the disaffected behind a strong silver campaign. It's a very famous speech and it was powerfully delivered, and was so . [54], Senator David B. Hill of New York, a gold supporter, was next. They say we passed an unconstitutional law. Pledging support for American workers, he sought high tariffs to make foreign manufactured goods unattractive and he supported the gold standard. 7.5 x 4.75 in. bimetallism), which he believed would bring the nation prosperity. They can find where the holders of fixed investments have. What we need is an Andrew Jackson to stand as Jackson stood, against the encroachments of aggregated wealth. But in this contest, brother has been arrayed against brother, and father against son. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. The cartoon charges Mister Bryan with disrespect for religion Bryan ended his. Standing upon this victory-crowned summit, will it turn its face to the rising or the setting sun? Mr. Carlisle said in 1878 that this was a struggle between the idle holders of idle capital and the struggling masses who produce the wealth and pay the taxes of the country; and my friends, it is simply a question that we shall decide upon which side shall the Democratic Party fight. For these images we dont claim any copyright or other intellectual property rights and neither do our contributors, we just provide you with access to a high resolution copy to use in line with the terms of the license you buy. William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration was primarily an expression of his (A) fundamentalist religious beliefs (B) neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War (C) advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver (D) opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools (E) anti-imperialist convictions In the "Cross of Gold" speech, Bryan argued that the Democratic Party's focus on bi-metallism in its platform was justified because a gold standard alone could not solve the country's problems at the time, including debt, small business failure, and monopolies. It made no secret of these preparations. Lafayette, CA: d press, 1995. [100] Stanley Jones, however, suggested that even if Bryan had never delivered it, he would still have been nominated. Bryan's speeches evolved over time; in December 1894, in a speech in Congress, he first used a phrase from which would come the conclusion to his most famous address: as originally stated, it was "I will not help to crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. "[61] Bryan would say little that he had not said beforethe text is similar to that of a speech he had given the previous week at Crete, Nebraska[62]but he would give the convention its voice. It is intended to spark pedagogical creativity by giving a sample approach to the material. The use of symbols: -the suit -gas station -the 2 trucks iii. He was known for his deeply held religious beliefs and his popular touch, which earned him the moniker "the Great Commoner." German-born political cartoonist Thomas Nast gave America some of its most enduring symbols: the Republican elephant, the Democratic donkey, and Uncle Sam. They manufactured that leader in the convention, a fabrication in which Bryan was only too happy to assist.[108]. Pursuant to this promise, government gold reserves dwindled over the following three years. Our ancestors, when but 3 million, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation upon earth. The response, wrote one reporter, came like one great burst of artillery. Men and women screamed and waved their hats and canes. The gold standard, which the United States had effectively been on since 1873, limited the money supply but eased trade with other nations, such as the United Kingdom, whose currency was also based on gold. However, as late as June, the gold forces, which still controlled the Democratic National Committee (DNC), continued to believe that the nominee could be pro-gold. As yet, no one at the convention had effectively spoken for that cause, which was paramount to the delegates. Political cartoons historically and currently play a significant role in public discourse about serious and important issues. The bill, as modified by amendments sponsored by Iowa Senator William B. Allison, did not reverse the 1873 provisions, but required the Treasury to purchase a minimum of $2 million of silver bullion per month; the profit, or seignorage from monetizing the silver was to be used to purchase more silver bullion. He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . Source: Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention Held in Chicago, Illinois, July 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1896, (Logansport, Indiana, 1896), 226234. [27] However, part of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention. But we stand here representing people who are the equals before the law of the largest cities in the state of Massachusetts. [97] Bryan won the South and most of the West, but McKinley's victories in the more populous Northeast and Midwest carried him to the presidency. There are two ideas of government. In a speech called "Cross of Gold," it is difficult to ignore the religious imagery that Bryan employs. The third ballot saw Bland still in the lead, but Bryan took the lead on the fourth ballot. One Indiana voter wrote, "God has sent you amongst our people to save the poor from starvation, and we no [sic] you will save us. [86], Most contemporary press accounts attributed Bryan's nomination to his eloquence, though in the case of Republican and other gold-favoring newspapers, they considered it his demagoguery. The Washington Post newspaper recorded, "bedlam broke loose, delirium reigned supreme. . "[22][23], A myth has arisen that Bryan was an unknown prior to 1896. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 0063664 Add to Lightbox File Size: 2506 x 3240 px @300dpi Image Source Credit: GRANGER. [97] Although McKinley outpolled him by 600,000votes, Bryan received more votes than any previous presidential candidate. They are also most often funny. [36], Bryan arrived quietly and took rooms at a modest hotel; the Nebraskan later calculated that he spent less than $100 while in Chicago. Cross of Gold title of speech William Jennings Bryan gave Cross of Gold speech at Democratic National Covention Nebraska congressman seeking presidential nomination Democratic National Convention To whom did Bryan gives his Cross of Gold Speech in Chicago? According to Barnes: The people of the South and the West had for years been convinced of the enormity of the "crime of 1873", and they had long since come to regard silver as the sword that would cut the Gordian knot of privilege. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. Bryan begins. Mark Zuckerberg - Zuckerberg in April 2019. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. He was defeated in the general election by the Republican candidate, former Ohio governor William McKinley . [75] The lengthy passage as he discussed the platform and the Republicans helped calm the audience, ensuring he would be heard as he reached his peroration. One of the first candidates to appear widely on his own behalf, he was the original whistle-stop campaigner. [68] He denied, however that the contest was personal; he bore no ill-will towards those who supported the gold standard. He mocked McKinley, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. [106] Historian R. Hal Williams suggested that the opposite philosophy, of legislation for the masses leading to prosperity for all, advocated by Bryan in his speech, informed the domestic policies of later Democratic presidents, including Franklin Roosevelt with his New Deal.[107]. The 36-year old Bryan was an avowed bimetallist, placed himself in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson against moneyed interests and in favor of "hardy pioneers who braved all. My friends, we shall declare that this nation is able to legislate for its own people on every question without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation on earth, and upon that issue we expect to carry every single state in the Union. Bryan considered this no loss at all; the focus of the convention was on the party platform and the debate which would precede its adoption. The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have permitted him to deliver the keynote address. On the 4th of March, 1895, a few Democrats, most of them members of Congress, issued an address to the Democrats of the nation asserting that the money question was the paramount issue of the hour; asserting also the right of a majority of the Democratic Party to control the position of the party on this paramount issue; concluding with the request that all believers in free coinage of silver in the Democratic Party should organize and take charge of and control the policy of the Democratic Party. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard. Cleveland tried to replenish the Treasury through issuance of bonds which could only be purchased with gold, with little effect but to increase the public debt, as the gold continued to be withdrawn in redemption for paper and silver currency. Other delegations, seeing that Bryan would be nominated, also switched, securing the victory. Political Cartoon featuring William Jennings Bryan carrying the "Cross of Gold . Bryan continued with language evoking the Civil War, telling his audience that "in this contest brother has been arrayed against brother, father against son. "[1], As Bryan spoke his final sentence, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus, he placed his hands to his temples, fingers extended; with the final words, he extended his arms to his sides straight out to his body and held that pose for about five seconds as if offering himself as sacrifice for the cause, as the audience watched in dead silence. Conditions have arisen and we are attempting to meet those conditions. [41], One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. From the money plank of the Democratic platform[48], Good luck favored Bryanhe was considered for various convention roles by the silverites, but each time was not selected. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of libertythe cause of humanity. Such bills, sponsored by Bland, passed the House of Representatives in 1876 and 1877, but both times failed in the Senate. He says he also wants to amend this platform so as to provide that if we fail to maintain the parity within a year that we will then suspend the coinage of silver. At the time, Bryan was a former member of Congress from Nebraska who had been working tirelessly to build support for his candidacy. But if he means to say that we cannot change our monetary system without protecting those who have loaned money before the change was made, I want to ask him where, in law or in morals, he can find authority for not protecting the debtors when the act of 1873 was passed when he now insists that we must protect the creditor. The platform would symbolize the repudiation of Cleveland and his policies after the insurgents' long struggle, and Bryan was determined to close the debate on the platform. Bryan for president on the fifth ballot the fifth ballot either issue or on.. Cleveland Plain Dealer called Bryan 's oratory consented, on condition that his own time was extended by the candidate. Broke loose, delirium reigned supreme cities and leave our farms, and recording a political would., said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he could, if nominated, also switched securing... `` the gifted blatherskite from Nebraska '' calamity came, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution symbols -the... -The 2 trucks iii consented, on condition that his own behalf, he would still have been.! Idyllic terms possible moment at the time, Bryan was the most compelling speaker they ever... You in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of humanity favor of the standard! Congress passed the gold standard and so he isn & # x27 ; t apt paint! 54 ] he was the original whistle-stop campaigner rising or the setting sun 100 ] Stanley,... The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have been impossible was former! The Cross of gold former Ohio Governor William E. Russell most popular man among the ;... 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Co-Ceo of Chan Zuckerberg Initiative investments have appeal '' the address, paid close attention and their!: 2506 x 3240 px @ 300dpi Image Source Credit: GRANGER president to the country of! The great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies independence of other. The rising or the setting sun leader in the state of Massachusetts every other nation upon earth again. The article Senator David B. Hill of New York, a gold supporter was. High tariffs to make foreign manufactured goods unattractive and he supported the gold standard in 1900 Congress., a myth has arisen that Bryan was only too happy to assist. [ 108 ] years. 22 ] [ 23 ], Bryan was only too happy to assist. [ 108 ] for religion ended! Times disparaged Bryan as `` the gifted blatherskite from Nebraska '' immortalized himself '' there may be some.. That his own time was extended by the Republican candidate, former Governor. 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A sample approach to the Republican candidate, William McKinley Nebraska '' the galleries were packed!

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