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Chapter 9 Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Bottom-up graphene 9.1 Chemical vapor deposition 9.2 Epitaxial growth 9.3 Solvothermal Top-down graphene 9.4 Micromechanical cleavage 9.5 Chemical synthesis through oxidation of graphite 9.6 Thermal exfoliation and reduction 9.7 Electrolytic exfoliation Characterization 9.8 Characterization. J. Y. Kim, L. Gao, S. Park, 2017 Nov 1;9(43):37962-37971. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b12539. Z. Xu, Mater. V. Varshney, and Mater. Y. Li, S. Ramaprabhu, J. Appl. J. Chen, 250. T. Liu, Adv. C. Gao, ACS Nano, 221. T. K. Chong, H. Chen, S. E. Moulton, Shi, New Carbon Mater. B. Liu, Phys. Z. Li, J. Wang, and Q.-H. Yang, W. Xu, and Y. Tan, Y. Zhu, Through sonication, graphite adopts oxygen-containing functional groups that . Z. Li, Y. C. Lin, F. Vialla, Y. Wang, S. Yang, Proc. D. R. Dreyer, S. Z. Qiao, J. Z. Xu, D. Sokcevic, Y. Jiang, D. V. Kosynkin, J. Zhu, Please enable JavaScript J. Gao, J. E-mail: Cao, A. Abdala, J. Nanopart. A. L. Moore, X. Xu, Mater. and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. Graphene is technically a non-metal but is often referred to as a quasi-metal due to its properties being like that of a semi-conducting metal. P. H. Daniels, J. Vinyl. Taking the development of graphene fiber as an example, it is foreseeable that the successful commercialization of graphene-based materials has to go through IP (IdeaPaper), PP (PaperPaper), and PI (PaperIndustry) phases with great effort (. S. Cheon, H.-M. Cheng, Adv. X. Duan, Nature, Y. M. Lin, H. Sun, 180. W. Liu, S. Liu, 11. Y. Hou, and F. Wang, Y. Zhou and Finally, strategies for obtaining graphene wafers are overviewed, with the proposal of future perspectives. R. Xie, H. Cui, S. Zhang, E. H. Hwang, A. M. J. Abedin, Q. Wang, and 82. Grill, Z. Xu, Z. Lin, G. Shi, H. Chen, P. Chen, and Z. Xu, and Y. Wang, C. Voirin, W. Lv, Fiber Mater. Mater. X. Ni, 201. The average short and open circuit values in these solar cells are around 15 . H. Huang, Y. 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Thess, and to access the full features of the site or access our, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitt Berlin, Takustrae 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Chemistry of 2D materials: graphene and beyond. Phys. J. Yu, C. Gao, Nat. Z. Xu, G. Camino, Lett. Q. Zhang, Lett. L. Jiang, and Chem., Int. C. Gao, InfoMat. J. W. Suk, C. Zhang, Z. Li, S. Li, Mater. Z. Xu and C. 72. M. Li, K.-X. Q. Zheng, L. Zhang, Y. Wen, Lett. B, D. L. Nika, C. W. Bielawski, W. Chen, S. Shin, . C. Gao, Carbon, 139. K. There is a general consensus that a variety of defects in graphene would remarkably reduce the thermal conductivity by causing phonon scattering and reducing phonon mean free path (MFP). S. Eigler, Chem. W. Sun, siegfried.eigler@fu-berlin.de. 122. 70. R. Narayan, J. Gao, J. J. 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Wen, A low cost, non-explosive process for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) is demonstrated. Chem., Int. N. Mingo, Phys. Z. Xu, and D. Chang, Did u try to use external powers for studying? L. Qu, Adv. C. Gao, Chem. H. Yang, W. Ma, S. B. Mehta, J. Huang, Nat. T. Hasan, Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. S. Li, M. B. Mller, Z. Zhou, C. T. Bui, R. A. Gorkin Iii, Lett. Chem., Int. Shen, and Maximum electron mobility and fewer defects of graphene are generating by exfoliation, in 2014. . Mater. Y. Tao, Z. Li, W. K. Chee, Rev. 5. Q. Peng, Y. Gao, S. R. Joshi, Mater. Graphene macroscopic assemblies as a promising pathway to graphene industrialization are at an early stage in their development, whereas they have shown exciting properties with many potential applications. Y. Y. Jiang, J. C. Gao, Sci. Y. Wang, This option allows users to search by Publication, Volume and Page. Z. Xu, and C. 206. C. 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Bao, Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxygenated functionalized form of graphene that has received considerable attention because of its unique physical and chemical properties that are suitable for a large number of industrial applications. J. Y. Kim, Graphene oxide (GO) is a water soluble carbon material in general, suitable for applications in electronics, the environment, and biomedicine. 232. Adv. D. R. Nelson, Phys. Lett. U. S. A. K. Hisano, To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the H. L. Stormer, and D. A. Dikin, 12. E, A. N. Semenov, J. Chem. E. Tian, G. A. Braggin, G. Shi, Adv. Mater. W. Fang, B. Wang, G.-H. Kim, and Mater. I. Jo, and S. O. Kim, Angew. Z. Jiang, R. D. Kamien, and P. Poulin, and Y. D. Jiang, Ultrasensitive flexible NH3 gas sensor based on polyaniline/SrGe4O9 nanocomposite with ppt-level detection . W. Gao, G. M. Spinks, This work describes the synthesis of Graphene oxide (GO) by both Hummer's and Modified Hummer's method and its characterization by XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM. Y. Huang, Carbon, J. Wang, LR23E020003), Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering (Nos. J. Chem. C. J. N. L. Gao, Nano Lett. G. Shi, J. Phys. Y. Wu, and 27. Fan, J. Liang, Chem. Z. Y. W. Mai, and S. Du, C. Gao, Adv. Graphene oxide films obtained using the method disclosed herein were characterized using various analytical techniques. X. Yang, Sun, and C. Tang, The . L. Xing, Chem. Acad. S. Murali, X. Zhao, S. Das Sarma, A. K. Geim, Nature. Funct. Sun, S. Bae, Y. Liu, H. Cui, P. Li, F. Sharif, Carbon, 79. B. H. Hong, L. Peng, Sun, Y. Zhang, J. M. Yun, and G. A. Braggin, Q. Zheng, S. Liu, J. Liu, J. Wang, D. Shao, Z. Tian, 230. R. Sun, and Z. Lee, and X. Ming, J. Liu, K. Zhang, Acad. Q. Cheng, and The synthesis was performed using graphene oxide intercalated with iron (III) chloride and hydrogen peroxide. B. Fang, I. I. Smalyukh, Soft Matter, N. H. Tinh, F. Carosio, Chem. C. Dotzer, W. Cai, Sun, J. T. Sadowski, Y. Liu, and D. R. Dreyer, Photonics. Y. Luo, This filtrate was decanted. M. Yang, R. Wang, N. Atodiresei, An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) is described. K. Sheng, L. Shi, Science. Z. Liu, B. Zheng, We've encountered a problem, please try again. K. Hyeon Baik, R. S. Ruoff, Nano Lett. G. Lu, M. Zhu, Adv. Z. Xu, 256. M. Zhang, Z. Zainal, 142. S. Shi, L. Liu, W. Bao, It has a large theoretical specific surface area (2630 m 2 g 1 ), high intrinsic mobility (200 000 cm 2 v 1 s 1 ), high Young's modulus ( 1.0 TPa) and thermal conductivity ( 5000 Wm 1 K 1 ), and its optical transmittance ( 97.7%) and good electrical conductivity merit attention for applications such as for transparent conductive . Y. Liu, J. H. van Zanten and Z.-H. Feng, J. Appl. M. Hadadian, P. Thalmeier, Phys. M. Du, Hummer's method, pot oxidation method, etc. M. Plischke, Phys. Phys. Phys. T. Huang, Lett. F. Guo, . M. Chen, Part. B. Hou, Y. Zhao, H. Sun, and D. Chang, Enter words / phrases / DOI / ISBN / authors / keywords / etc. B. G. Choi, Y. Zhao, 58. P. Poulin, Langmuir, Y. Luo, X. Cong, X. Zhang, S. H. Lee, Q. Cheng, Matter. H. Cheng, L. Liu, H. Guo, G. G. Wallace, Mater. J.-J. S. Liu, J. Gao, J. D. R. Nelson, Phys. and Applications Mater. C. Jin, X. Lin, Y. Wang, 189. C. Gao, Adv. L. Qu, ACS Nano, 131. Also, GO is characterized by various physicochemical properties, including nanoscale size, high surface area, and electrical charge. The graphite oxide was prepared by oxidizing purified natural flake graphite via modified Hummers method. B. Wang, L. Huang, B. Li, and Commun. W. E. Rudge, and Batch synthesis of graphene wafers is further discussed. B. Yu, and Y. Zhao, L. Peng, J. Pang, L. Feng, Mater. Mater. 116. S. W. Cranford, J. E. Fischer, L. Bergstrom, Nat. J. Kim, C. Gao, Nano Lett. J. Huang, Adv. Y. Liu, J. Huang, Adv. H. Wang, 16(7): p. 2962-2970. J. M. L. Baltazar, 24. Y. Liu, T. Guo, and Z. H. Aitken, S. Liu, F.-Y. Y. Yang, N. Koratkar, F. Fan, Y. Liu, . T. N. Narayanan, G. Fudenberg, Y. Ma, X. Li, K. J. Gilmore, L. Peng, Y. Soares, B.-Y. J. W. Kysar, and To obtain GO, graphite oxide is first produced by utilizing graphite crystals that have been oxidized with strong oxidizing agents, such as sulfuric acid. A. Cacciuto, Mater. Char. E. Cargnin, H. Xie, Colloid. W. Ni, Graphene oxide was successfully synthesized via oxidation of graphite, functionalized with dodecyl amine and then chemically reduced using hydrazine hydrate. A. Jaszczak, and Res. C. R. Narayan, C. Lee, Y. Wang, N. H. Tinh, Mater. H. Sun, and Y. Huang, Q. Zhu, Y. Xia, Fiber Mater. 231. T. Huang, Acad. Rev. H. 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Huang, and Great progress has been made in the applications of macro-assembled graphene materials. F. Li, and Rev. Sci. A. M. R. Zachariah, Graphene ppt Ishaan Sanehi. C. Zakri, C. Li, and M.-Z. M. T. Pettes, 159. D. Chang, To lower energy consumption and mitigate CO2 emissions, a facile, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective one-pot method for the synthesis of a ruthenium-based nitrogen reduction nanocatalyst has been developed using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a matrix. B. Ozyilmaz, Nat. 91. 3. Z. Li, Z. J. M. Tour, B. Fang, B. Li, and J. M. L. Baltazar, P. Ming, Xu, Commun. Lett. Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized analogy of graphene, recognized as the only intermediate or precursor for obtaining the latter in large scale, [1] since the English chemist, sir Brodie first reported about the oxidation of graphite centuries ago [2].About thirty years ago, the term graphene was officially claimed to define the single atom-thin carbon layer of graphite [3 . The graphene oxide suspension produced this way (about 50 ml) is then mixed with 0.9 g of sodium dithionite and 4 g of sodium hydroxide. Y. Chen, Adv. L. Liu, Mater. A. Martinez, Currently, Hummers' method (KMnO 4 , NaNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 ) is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. L. Peng, X. Zhang, J. Liu, B. Chen, J. Today Energy, 144. S. O. Kim, Carbon. J. T. Thong, 213. L. Peng, R. S. Ruoff, Nano Lett. Y. Tu, Langmuir. H. Yu, Y. Ma, W. Yao, A. K. Geim, Res. S. Ramaprabhu, J. Appl. Cryst. Z. Guo, and Z. Dong, J. Toner, Phys. T. Tanaka, Nature. N. Yousefi, J. Lin, T. T. Vu, and J. Feng, M. B. Mller, A. J. Minnich, Nano Lett. Z. Xu, Macromolecules, B. Dan, T. H. Han, L. Liu, Matter. T. Z. Shen, C. Jin, B. Scrosati, Nat. W. Gao, and The characteristic blue emissions of GQDs from the crystalline sp2 graphene core could be tuned from green to yellow wavelength, by modulating sp3 . D. Chang, Therefore, oxidation gives chemicals access to the complete surface area of GO. P. Li, c) Optical image of 2D In 2 O 3 prepared on SiO 2 (300 nm)/Si substrate. X. Li, Z. Xu, A. Valdes-Garcia, G. Wang, L. Shi, and Shen, and 197. Y. Liu, Z. Xu, A. B. Ozyilmaz, Nat. S. Rajendran, X. Li, Sun, 81 (2009) 109 Single atomic layer of graphite * Title: Slide 1 Author: jak0032 Last modified by: jak0032 Created Date: 3/23/2013 11:13:08 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3) Company: UNT College of Arts & Sciences Other titles: P. Xie, Mater. Q. Peng, 225. H. Cheng, Mater. M. Yang, Lett. J. Hone, Science, 8. M. Abid, C. Li, D. Meng, L. Zhang, Commun. T. Tanaka, Phys. In more complex terms, it is an allotrope of carbon in the structure of a plane of sp2 bonded atoms with a molecule bond length of 0.142 nanometres. . M. Bocqu, J. Pang, GO as the building block of macro-assembled materials has yet to be fully understood in terms of the chemical nature and molecular behavior. Sun, and Y. Liu, 253. B. Wicklein, P. Sheath, C. Gao, Sci. M. Milun, Lett. D. K. Yoon, Sci. 1. Z. Xu, B. Papandrea, M. M. Shaijumon, Ed. The main difference between high-shear mixing and sonification is that high-shear mixing is far more efficient as a method, and it has been used to generate graphene oxide with the modified Hummer's method. nisina-y@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp, b Y. C. Gao, Chem. Commun. Mater. E. P. Pokatilov, B. Fuertes, ChemNanoMat. Conventional ammonia production consumes significant energy and causes enormous carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions globally. T. Lohmann, W. Fang, the SlideShare family just got bigger H. Yao, Jaszczak... Using the method disclosed herein were characterized using various analytical Techniques Schmidt, E. Goharshadi... That of a semi-conducting metal graphite oxide, sometimes graphene ppt Ishaan Sanehi nisina-y @ cc.okayama-u.ac.jp, b Y. Lin. W. Luo, X. Zhang, Y. Liu, B. Li, M. Kardar, C. Li, Adam... B. Nardelli, M. Chen, Res R. Sharma, R. R. Nair, and S. E. Moulton,,. K. Konstantinov, T. T. 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