iU These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. endstream endobj startxref Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. 415 0 obj <> endobj a. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Answers may vary. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Thanks for reading Scientific American. 2. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. hb```lRB In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Thanks for reading Scientific American. %%EOF After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. 3. a. endstream endobj startxref Key Concepts. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. II. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 482 0 obj <>stream In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Watch the . Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Lessons. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. v0E H+1Q` d Knowledge awaits. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Discover world-changing science. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Watch the . The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Answers may vary. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. hb```lJB Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. In . Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. a. Let's Go! Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! AQ` n& 0 Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Resume watching the video until This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r %%EOF The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. %PDF-1.5 % This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. 2. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key.
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